{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2918824496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2019.2951213","title":"Receiver Operating Characteristics for a Prototype Quantum Two-Mode Squeezing Radar","display_name":"Receiver Operating Characteristics for a Prototype Quantum Two-Mode Squeezing Radar","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2918824496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2019.2951213","mag":"2918824496"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2019.2951213","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2019.2951213","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7/9112368/08890864.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7/9112368/08890864.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102903572","display_name":"David Luong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5570-0125"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297460800","display_name":"Defence Research and Development Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/00hgy8d33","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297460800","https://openalex.org/I1336338359","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Luong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","Defence Research and Development Canada, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5570-0125","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Defence Research and Development Canada, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297460800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074127031","display_name":"C. W. Sandbo Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6410-8641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. W. Sandbo Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027406199","display_name":"A. M. Vadiraj","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. M. Vadiraj","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8676-5044","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007777661","display_name":"Anthony Damini","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297460800","display_name":"Defence Research and Development Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/00hgy8d33","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297460800","https://openalex.org/I1336338359","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Damini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Defence Research and Development Canada, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Defence Research and Development Canada, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297460800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076530713","display_name":"C. M. Wilson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2480-9229"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher M. Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013633199","display_name":"Bhashyam Balaji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1868-9470"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297460800","display_name":"Defence Research and Development Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/00hgy8d33","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297460800","https://openalex.org/I1336338359","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bhashyam Balaji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Defence Research and Development Canada, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1868-9470","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Defence Research and Development Canada, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297460800"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.7445,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":138,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99034074,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"3","first_page":"2041","last_page":"2060"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6963281035423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.6328553557395935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5706283450126648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.5091585516929626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.45933640003204346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passive-radar","display_name":"Passive radar","score":0.42987900972366333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.42770764231681824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3479076623916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3241923749446869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2882862687110901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2743069529533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.15625885128974915}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6963281035423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.6328553557395935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5706283450126648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.5091585516929626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.45933640003204346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151120012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2143008","display_name":"Passive radar","level":5,"score":0.42987900972366333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.42770764231681824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3479076623916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3241923749446869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2882862687110901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2743069529533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.15625885128974915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2019.2951213","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2019.2951213","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7/9112368/08890864.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1903.00101","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1903.00101","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1903.00101","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2019.2951213","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2019.2951213","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7/9112368/08890864.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313286","display_name":"Defence Research and Development Canada","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319952","display_name":"Canada Foundation for Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/000az4664"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321886","display_name":"Ontario Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science","ror":"https://ror.org/03zr1tg88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326644","display_name":"Canada First Research Excellence Fund","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336370","display_name":"Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2918824496.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2918824496.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59009386","https://openalex.org/W307177212","https://openalex.org/W1563527684","https://openalex.org/W1971851949","https://openalex.org/W1977248165","https://openalex.org/W1980473219","https://openalex.org/W1982296531","https://openalex.org/W2059207587","https://openalex.org/W2067149429","https://openalex.org/W2104561126","https://openalex.org/W2116679455","https://openalex.org/W2142739935","https://openalex.org/W2331706056","https://openalex.org/W2606576925","https://openalex.org/W2610484660","https://openalex.org/W2751931228","https://openalex.org/W2787206600","https://openalex.org/W2890793934","https://openalex.org/W2900119604","https://openalex.org/W2901463443","https://openalex.org/W2906165489","https://openalex.org/W2906181293","https://openalex.org/W2906350353","https://openalex.org/W2921337699","https://openalex.org/W2963652594","https://openalex.org/W2980146851","https://openalex.org/W3098989707","https://openalex.org/W3101430879","https://openalex.org/W3105955520","https://openalex.org/W4249106720","https://openalex.org/W6610814002","https://openalex.org/W6743422470","https://openalex.org/W6748034290"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045401036","https://openalex.org/W2555581363","https://openalex.org/W2091887884","https://openalex.org/W2546425916","https://openalex.org/W3154381281","https://openalex.org/W4323793904","https://openalex.org/W2767592251","https://openalex.org/W3177178041","https://openalex.org/W1969947667","https://openalex.org/W1675290395"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,153],"built":[1],"and":[2,62,78,108,174],"evaluated":[3],"a":[4,11,49,56,76,88,91,97,116,159,169,193],"prototype":[5],"quantum":[6,12,40,206],"radar,":[7,16,173],"which":[8,95,166],"we":[9,167,202],"call":[10,168],"two-mode":[13,103,170],"squeezing":[14],"(QTMS)":[15],"in":[17,146],"the":[18,34,43,71,82,85,131,205,216,221],"laboratory.":[19],"It":[20],"operates":[21],"solely":[22],"at":[23,106,186],"microwave":[24,60],"frequencies;":[25],"there":[26,177],"is":[27,45,73,87,135,178,190],"no":[28],"downconversion":[29],"from":[30,151],"optical":[31],"frequencies.":[32],"Because":[33],"signal":[35,72,134,150],"generation":[36],"process":[37],"relies":[38],"on":[39],"mechanical":[41],"principles,":[42],"system":[44],"considered":[46],"to":[47,148,158,215,219],"contain":[48],"quantum-enhanced":[50],"radar":[51,157,161,207,218],"transmitter.":[52],"This":[53,189],"transmitter":[54,86],"generates":[55,96],"pair":[57,98],"of":[58,65,84,99,118,128,195],"entangled":[59,100],"signals":[61,101,185],"transmits":[63],"one":[64],"them":[66],"through":[67,115,125],"free":[68,129],"space,":[69],"where":[70],"measured":[74,136],"using":[75,163],"simple":[77],"rudimentary":[79],"receiver.":[80],"At":[81],"heart":[83],"device":[89],"called":[90,102],"Josephson":[92],"parametric":[93],"amplifier,":[94],"squeezed":[104],"vacuums":[105],"6.1445":[107,132],"7.5376":[109,121],"GHz.":[110],"These":[111],"are":[112,144],"then":[113],"sent":[114],"chain":[117],"amplifiers.":[119],"The":[120,140],"GHz":[122,133],"beam":[123],"passes":[124],"0.5":[126],"m":[127],"space;":[130],"directly":[137],"after":[138],"amplification.":[139],"two":[141],"measurement":[142],"results":[143],"correlated":[145],"order":[147],"distinguish":[149],"noise.":[152],"compare":[154],"our":[155],"QTMS":[156],"classical":[160],"setup":[162],"conventional":[164],"components,":[165],"noise":[171],"(TMN)":[172],"find":[175,203],"that":[176,204],"significant":[179],"gain":[180],"when":[181],"both":[182],"systems":[183],"broadcast":[184],"-82":[187],"dBm.":[188],"shown":[191],"via":[192],"comparison":[194],"receiver":[196],"operating":[197],"characteristic":[198],"curves.":[199],"In":[200],"particular,":[201],"requires":[208],"eight":[209],"times":[210],"fewer":[211],"integrated":[212],"samples":[213],"compared":[214],"TMN":[217],"achieve":[220],"same":[222],"performance.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
