{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2760203759","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2017.2756498","title":"FDA-MIMO Radar Range\u2013Angle Estimation: CRLB, MSE, and Resolution Analysis","display_name":"FDA-MIMO Radar Range\u2013Angle Estimation: CRLB, MSE, and Resolution Analysis","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2760203759","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2017.2756498","mag":"2760203759"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2017.2756498","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2017.2756498","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002547360","display_name":"Jie Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3881-6948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jie Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049463786","display_name":"Wen-Qin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4466-9585"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen-Qin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4466-9585","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034438459","display_name":"Kuandong Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1898-8216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuandong Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002547360"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":169.5468,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":201,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99952339,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"1","first_page":"284","last_page":"294"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7513270378112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6924307942390442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cram\u00e9r\u2013rao-bound","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","score":0.5629706382751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5319127440452576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5130780935287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.48985788226127625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.44732165336608887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-engineering-details","display_name":"Radar engineering details","score":0.4149254858493805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.38455909490585327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.3573944568634033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3569040298461914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.3379825949668884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.317127525806427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.210646390914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1503324806690216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.09713822603225708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.07300111651420593}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7513270378112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6924307942390442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4978587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138810","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","level":3,"score":0.5629706382751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5319127440452576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5130780935287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.48985788226127625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.44732165336608887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134406370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832005","display_name":"Radar engineering details","level":4,"score":0.4149254858493805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.38455909490585327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.3573944568634033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3569040298461914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.3379825949668884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.317127525806427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.210646390914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1503324806690216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.09713822603225708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.07300111651420593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2017.2756498","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2017.2756498","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4308700709","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61571081","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W88230084","https://openalex.org/W1530283731","https://openalex.org/W1561523123","https://openalex.org/W1568228912","https://openalex.org/W1676520874","https://openalex.org/W1964879738","https://openalex.org/W1979987252","https://openalex.org/W1985155075","https://openalex.org/W1989499111","https://openalex.org/W1990760105","https://openalex.org/W1991091721","https://openalex.org/W2000700028","https://openalex.org/W2003599162","https://openalex.org/W2021910420","https://openalex.org/W2036168037","https://openalex.org/W2047702902","https://openalex.org/W2055838441","https://openalex.org/W2060108923","https://openalex.org/W2062608344","https://openalex.org/W2072814239","https://openalex.org/W2083884772","https://openalex.org/W2089997057","https://openalex.org/W2091338743","https://openalex.org/W2098257231","https://openalex.org/W2109814252","https://openalex.org/W2128380657","https://openalex.org/W2149324728","https://openalex.org/W2149755721","https://openalex.org/W2154982648","https://openalex.org/W2162334586","https://openalex.org/W2164137373","https://openalex.org/W2165468651","https://openalex.org/W2253808442","https://openalex.org/W2338655313","https://openalex.org/W2412859457","https://openalex.org/W2441869487","https://openalex.org/W2528857590","https://openalex.org/W2569560519","https://openalex.org/W3102540572","https://openalex.org/W3102811342","https://openalex.org/W6603557785","https://openalex.org/W6633899685","https://openalex.org/W6674918531"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2585557503","https://openalex.org/W2169354510","https://openalex.org/W4296425733","https://openalex.org/W2892233029","https://openalex.org/W4285814362","https://openalex.org/W4352982730","https://openalex.org/W2027415419","https://openalex.org/W2103897432","https://openalex.org/W604796468","https://openalex.org/W2158590228"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multiple-input":[0],"multiple-output":[1],"(MIMO)":[2],"radar":[3,36,47,70,135],"enjoys":[4],"the":[5,19,24,84,90,110,129],"advantage":[6],"of":[7,54,83],"increased":[8],"degrees-of-freedom":[9],"and":[10,94,113,120,140],"spatial":[11],"diversity":[12],"gain,":[13],"but":[14],"it":[15,57],"cannot":[16],"effectively":[17],"resolves":[18],"targets":[20],"closely":[21],"spaced":[22],"in":[23,81,99,117,136],"same":[25],"angle":[26,114],"cell":[27],"(but":[28],"different":[29],"range":[30,112],"cells).":[31],"Frequency":[32],"diverse":[33],"array":[34],"(FDA)-MIMO":[35],"can":[37],"handle":[38],"this":[39,87],"problem":[40],"by":[41],"exploiting":[42],"its":[43],"range-dependent":[44],"beampattern.":[45],"FDA-MIMO":[46,85,107,130],"was,":[48],"thus,":[49],"suggested":[50],"for":[51,65,104],"range-angle":[52,101,138],"estimation":[53,102,139],"targets.":[55],"Nevertheless,":[56],"is":[58,78],"necessary":[59],"to":[60],"provide":[61],"theoretical":[62],"performance":[63],"analysis":[64],"such":[66],"a":[67,105],"relatively":[68],"new":[69],"technique.":[71],"Since":[72],"multiple":[73],"signal":[74],"classification":[75],"(MUSIC)":[76],"algorithm":[77],"widely":[79],"adopted":[80],"most":[82],"literature,":[86],"paper":[88],"derives":[89],"Cram\u00e9r-Rao":[91],"lower":[92],"bound":[93],"mean":[95],"square":[96],"error":[97],"expressions":[98],"MUSIC-based":[100],"algorithms":[103],"general":[106],"radar.":[108],"Furthermore,":[109],"corresponding":[111],"resolution":[115,141],"thresholds":[116],"target":[118],"detection":[119],"localization":[121],"are":[122],"also":[123],"derived.":[124],"Numerical":[125],"results":[126],"verify":[127],"that":[128],"indeed":[131],"outperforms":[132],"conventional":[133],"MIMO":[134],"both":[137],"threshold":[142],"performance.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-05-23T08:51:43.019350","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
