{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1986299369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2013.6621816","title":"Noise Subspace-Based Iterative Technique for Direction Finding","display_name":"Noise Subspace-Based Iterative Technique for Direction Finding","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1986299369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2013.6621816","mag":"1986299369"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2013.6621816","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2013.6621816","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085980161","display_name":"Enrique A. Santiago","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrique A. Santiago","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas, Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas, Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085448346","display_name":"Mohammad Saquib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9641-2397"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Saquib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas, Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas, Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.119,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78122971,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"4","first_page":"2281","last_page":"2295"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.7000778317451477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.6422326564788818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6341369152069092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-subspace","display_name":"Signal subspace","score":0.6290959119796753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direction-of-arrival","display_name":"Direction of arrival","score":0.6244138479232788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-matrix","display_name":"Covariance matrix","score":0.6123965978622437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.536811351776123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/array-processing","display_name":"Array processing","score":0.5044702291488647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-noise","display_name":"White noise","score":0.5022284984588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-power","display_name":"Noise power","score":0.46490585803985596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.45563143491744995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3665638566017151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3577112555503845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.3309210538864136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.2673030197620392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16539236903190613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13254261016845703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.09212905168533325}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.7000778317451477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.6422326564788818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6341369152069092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777121530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512739","display_name":"Signal subspace","level":4,"score":0.6290959119796753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172051844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280438","display_name":"Direction of arrival","level":3,"score":0.6244138479232788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.6123965978622437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.536811351776123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778545087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4795883","display_name":"Array processing","level":4,"score":0.5044702291488647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112633086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381287","display_name":"White noise","level":2,"score":0.5022284984588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203234222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2133519","display_name":"Noise power","level":3,"score":0.46490585803985596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.45563143491744995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3665638566017151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3577112555503845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.3309210538864136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2673030197620392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16539236903190613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13254261016845703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.09212905168533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2013.6621816","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2013.6621816","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W391578156","https://openalex.org/W595851582","https://openalex.org/W1538006934","https://openalex.org/W1952629836","https://openalex.org/W1983991135","https://openalex.org/W2019681698","https://openalex.org/W2032468904","https://openalex.org/W2064076679","https://openalex.org/W2066218102","https://openalex.org/W2075216062","https://openalex.org/W2087543940","https://openalex.org/W2091816760","https://openalex.org/W2101658087","https://openalex.org/W2110473269","https://openalex.org/W2111977453","https://openalex.org/W2113638573","https://openalex.org/W2121025916","https://openalex.org/W2124306988","https://openalex.org/W2126767504","https://openalex.org/W2128131274","https://openalex.org/W2136172079","https://openalex.org/W2136630190","https://openalex.org/W2138635635","https://openalex.org/W2140612892","https://openalex.org/W2142942411","https://openalex.org/W2149755721","https://openalex.org/W2149817982","https://openalex.org/W2157358025","https://openalex.org/W2162534829","https://openalex.org/W2170163277","https://openalex.org/W2541435708","https://openalex.org/W2952350176","https://openalex.org/W4239308190","https://openalex.org/W6681223138"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355891660","https://openalex.org/W2164635412","https://openalex.org/W89478532","https://openalex.org/W290083805","https://openalex.org/W2354351449","https://openalex.org/W2462138637","https://openalex.org/W4387444271","https://openalex.org/W2884297244","https://openalex.org/W2360754927","https://openalex.org/W1967075299"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,17,160],"the":[1,21,25,45,49,58,71,85,89,95,120,173],"area":[2],"of":[3,8,24,44,51,60,62,70,87,97,101,122,144,154],"array":[4,66],"signal":[5,27,52],"processing,":[6],"direction":[7],"arrival":[9],"(DoA)":[10],"estimation":[11,19,107,129,175],"is":[12,30,55,74,156,163],"a":[13,63,79,92,141],"widely":[14],"studied":[15],"topic.":[16],"this":[18],"process":[20],"noise":[22,46,72,100,105],"subspace":[23,47,73],"received":[26],"covariance":[28],"matrix":[29],"often":[31],"utilized":[32],"and":[33,147],"obtained":[34],"through":[35],"numerical":[36],"methods.":[37],"We":[38],"explicitly":[39],"derive":[40],"an":[41],"algebraic":[42],"expression":[43,69],"when":[48],"number":[50,59,121,143],"sources":[53,90],"present":[54],"less":[56],"than":[57,126],"elements":[61],"uniform":[64],"linear":[65],"(ULA).":[67],"This":[68,104],"then":[75,157],"used":[76],"to":[77,83],"formulate":[78],"constrained":[80],"minimization":[81],"problem":[82],"obtain":[84],"DoAs":[86],"all":[88],"in":[91,94],"scene":[93],"presence":[96],"spatially":[98],"white":[99],"identical":[102],"power.":[103],"subspace-based":[106],"(NISE)":[108],"algorithm":[109],"iteratively":[110],"solves":[111],"for":[112,140],"each":[113],"source's":[114],"DoA,":[115],"potentially":[116],"yielding":[117],"(depending":[118],"on":[119],"iterations)":[123],"lower":[124],"complexity":[125],"existing":[127],"DoA":[128,174],"algorithms,":[130],"such":[131],"as":[132],"fast":[133],"root-MUSIC":[134],"(FRM),":[135],"while":[136],"exhibiting":[137],"performance":[138],"advantages":[139],"low":[142,148],"time":[145],"samples":[146],"signal-to-noise":[149],"ratio":[150],"(SNR).":[151],"The":[152],"convergence":[153],"NISE":[155,166],"proven":[158],"mathematically.":[159],"addition":[161],"it":[162],"shown":[164],"how":[165],"can":[167],"readily":[168],"incorporate":[169],"prior":[170],"knowledge":[171],"into":[172],"process.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}