{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2060613410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2013.6621815","title":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation in Subarrays-Based Linear Sparse Arrays with Gain/Phase Uncertainties","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation in Subarrays-Based Linear Sparse Arrays with Gain/Phase Uncertainties","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2060613410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2013.6621815","mag":"2060613410"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2013.6621815","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2013.6621815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049024305","display_name":"Bin Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4636-4339"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Engg, Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Engg, Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057049452","display_name":"S. C. Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7212-4182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shing-Chow Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Engg, Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Engg, Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.222,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88354594,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"4","first_page":"2268","last_page":"2280"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.7013444304466248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direction-of-arrival","display_name":"Direction of arrival","score":0.6806578636169434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.6062815189361572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6011168956756592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5762874484062195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direction-finding","display_name":"Direction finding","score":0.4624175727367401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.42441314458847046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-array","display_name":"Sensor array","score":0.4238925576210022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3958911597728729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3703176975250244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3641599416732788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15820536017417908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14656949043273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1027572751045227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.0811433494091034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.08070763945579529}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.7013444304466248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172051844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280438","display_name":"Direction of arrival","level":3,"score":0.6806578636169434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.6062815189361572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6011168956756592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5762874484062195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780382809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367488","display_name":"Direction finding","level":3,"score":0.4624175727367401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.42441314458847046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66251956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451086","display_name":"Sensor array","level":2,"score":0.4238925576210022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3958911597728729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3703176975250244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3641599416732788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15820536017417908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14656949043273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1027572751045227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0811433494091034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.08070763945579529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2013.6621815","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2013.6621815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W653761051","https://openalex.org/W1592743642","https://openalex.org/W1846339416","https://openalex.org/W1963799790","https://openalex.org/W1987996612","https://openalex.org/W2001491786","https://openalex.org/W2047931094","https://openalex.org/W2080710283","https://openalex.org/W2092755806","https://openalex.org/W2097620197","https://openalex.org/W2102340630","https://openalex.org/W2105108073","https://openalex.org/W2106630032","https://openalex.org/W2107849977","https://openalex.org/W2110153607","https://openalex.org/W2117345021","https://openalex.org/W2118632219","https://openalex.org/W2120760346","https://openalex.org/W2121165908","https://openalex.org/W2121398386","https://openalex.org/W2131807119","https://openalex.org/W2134055594","https://openalex.org/W2134360900","https://openalex.org/W2138069322","https://openalex.org/W2143330906","https://openalex.org/W2148604588","https://openalex.org/W2150529197","https://openalex.org/W2151105244","https://openalex.org/W2153040860","https://openalex.org/W2154722188","https://openalex.org/W2161666352","https://openalex.org/W2162153225","https://openalex.org/W2162654459","https://openalex.org/W2166674837","https://openalex.org/W2167599467","https://openalex.org/W2170339335","https://openalex.org/W2187570482","https://openalex.org/W2598194391","https://openalex.org/W3013302814","https://openalex.org/W6674461703","https://openalex.org/W6675900799"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2369849964","https://openalex.org/W2279015148","https://openalex.org/W3041376971","https://openalex.org/W2110798624","https://openalex.org/W2554894813","https://openalex.org/W4376608380","https://openalex.org/W2462138637","https://openalex.org/W1989876652","https://openalex.org/W334600925","https://openalex.org/W2362303883"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sparse":[0],"arrays":[1,30,54],"are":[2,62,70,75,134,173,185],"of":[3,27,33,46,53,114,130,160,191],"great":[4],"interest":[5],"in":[6,22,93,108,175],"practical":[7],"applications":[8],"owing":[9],"to":[10,18,152,187],"their":[11],"enlarged":[12],"array":[13],"apertures,":[14],"which":[15],"enable":[16],"us":[17],"achieve":[19],"better":[20],"performance":[21],"direction":[23],"finding.":[24],"A":[25],"kind":[26],"linear":[28,36],"sparse":[29],"(LSpAs)":[31],"composed":[32],"multiple":[34],"uniform":[35],"subarrays":[37],"(ULSAs)":[38],"with":[39],"gain/phase":[40,139,155],"uncertainties":[41],"is":[42,55,98],"considered.":[43],"The":[44],"problem":[45],"direction-of-arrival":[47],"(DOA)":[48],"estimation":[49,156],"using":[50,157],"such":[51],"kinds":[52],"addressed.":[56],"In":[57,64,118,162],"particular":[58],"two":[59],"different":[60],"cases":[61],"studied.":[63],"the":[65,88,101,115,119,131,144,166,189,192],"first":[66],"case":[67,121],"all":[68],"ULSAs":[69,132],"well":[71],"calibrated,":[72],"whereas":[73],"there":[74],"unknown":[76,102,137,167],"gains/phases":[77,103],"among":[78],"them.":[79],"Using":[80],"a":[81,124,149],"new":[82,150],"ESPRIT-like":[83],"method,":[84],"we":[85,122,142],"show":[86],"that":[87,100],"DOAs":[89,170],"can":[90,104],"be":[91,106],"estimated":[92,107,174],"closed":[94,109,176],"form.":[95],"Interestingly,":[96],"it":[97],"found":[99],"also":[105],"form":[110,177],"by":[111],"taking":[112],"advantage":[113],"subspace":[116],"principle.":[117],"second":[120],"consider":[123],"more":[125],"general":[126],"situation":[127],"where":[128],"some":[129],"themselves":[133],"suffering":[135],"from":[136],"sensor":[138],"responses.":[140],"Again,":[141],"exploit":[143],"ESPRIT":[145],"algorithm":[146],"and":[147,154,171],"propose":[148],"approach":[151],"DOA":[153],"this":[158],"class":[159],"arrays.":[161],"our":[163],"proposed":[164],"methods":[165],"parameters":[168],"(i.e.,":[169],"gains/phases)":[172],"without":[178],"performing":[179],"spectral":[180],"search.":[181],"Representative":[182],"numerical":[183],"results":[184],"demonstrated":[186],"assess":[188],"effectiveness":[190],"methods.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
