{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2049803145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2013.6557995","title":"Change Detection Analysis of Humans Moving Behind Walls","display_name":"Change Detection Analysis of Humans Moving Behind Walls","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2049803145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2013.6557995","mag":"2049803145"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2013.6557995","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2013.6557995","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007661434","display_name":"Moeness G. Amin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0926-4120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7863295","display_name":"Villanova University","ror":"https://ror.org/02g7kd627","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moeness G. Amin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radar Imaging Lab, Center for Advanced Communications, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA","Radar Imaging Lab., Villanova Univ., Villanova, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radar Imaging Lab, Center for Advanced Communications, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radar Imaging Lab., Villanova Univ., Villanova, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083732517","display_name":"Fauzia Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1446-5154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7863295","display_name":"Villanova University","ror":"https://ror.org/02g7kd627","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fauzia Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radar Imaging Lab, Center for Advanced Communications, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA","Radar Imaging Lab., Villanova Univ., Villanova, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radar Imaging Lab, Center for Advanced Communications, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radar Imaging Lab., Villanova Univ., Villanova, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7863295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":265.8923,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":75,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99973925,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"3","first_page":"1410","last_page":"1425"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.9246048927307129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moving-target-indication","display_name":"Moving target indication","score":0.6511287093162537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6218988299369812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/change-detection","display_name":"Change detection","score":0.5974040031433105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5771295428276062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stationary-target-indication","display_name":"Stationary target indication","score":0.5739624500274658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.5473048090934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.49097922444343567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.48784399032592773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detection-theory","display_name":"Detection theory","score":0.4759996831417084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.43372148275375366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.4302457571029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.4292845129966736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39551079273223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3821074366569519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.3697032332420349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24015364050865173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.2357432246208191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2301574945449829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.18758165836334229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.1505938470363617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.10255622863769531}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.9246048927307129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162416716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446180","display_name":"Moving target indication","level":5,"score":0.6511287093162537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6218988299369812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203595873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25389927","display_name":"Change detection","level":2,"score":0.5974040031433105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5771295428276062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51196962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16966352","display_name":"Stationary target indication","level":5,"score":0.5739624500274658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.5473048090934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.49097922444343567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.48784399032592773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.4759996831417084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.43372148275375366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.4302457571029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.4292845129966736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39551079273223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3821074366569519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.3697032332420349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24015364050865173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.2357432246208191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2301574945449829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.18758165836334229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.1505938470363617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.10255622863769531}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2013.6557995","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2013.6557995","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65255600","https://openalex.org/W69811880","https://openalex.org/W640945449","https://openalex.org/W883639757","https://openalex.org/W1538006934","https://openalex.org/W1967542455","https://openalex.org/W1975526743","https://openalex.org/W1979962992","https://openalex.org/W1982940576","https://openalex.org/W1988370800","https://openalex.org/W1996641167","https://openalex.org/W1996758835","https://openalex.org/W2000631524","https://openalex.org/W2036617413","https://openalex.org/W2038063001","https://openalex.org/W2049007693","https://openalex.org/W2067115035","https://openalex.org/W2092490071","https://openalex.org/W2100086189","https://openalex.org/W2108625419","https://openalex.org/W2109235813","https://openalex.org/W2116511910","https://openalex.org/W2121059280","https://openalex.org/W2130632339","https://openalex.org/W2135972757","https://openalex.org/W2136489881","https://openalex.org/W2137502890","https://openalex.org/W2139643075","https://openalex.org/W2150383969","https://openalex.org/W2157745087","https://openalex.org/W2159456320","https://openalex.org/W2161255875","https://openalex.org/W2168679345","https://openalex.org/W4232518986","https://openalex.org/W6602900075","https://openalex.org/W6649302520","https://openalex.org/W6667314443"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2230756318","https://openalex.org/W2613558275","https://openalex.org/W2088157442","https://openalex.org/W3007796198","https://openalex.org/W2354382872","https://openalex.org/W1975579068","https://openalex.org/W3082296273","https://openalex.org/W262610975","https://openalex.org/W1650830693","https://openalex.org/W2554868331"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,42,78],"consider":[4],"the":[5,26,81,86,106,115],"problem":[6],"of":[7,9,101],"detection":[8,22,56,89],"humans":[10],"behind":[11,121],"walls":[12],"and":[13,35,58,66,74,96],"inside":[14],"enclosed":[15],"structures":[16],"using":[17],"radars.":[18],"We":[19,53],"use":[20],"change":[21,55,88],"techniques":[23],"to":[24,48,113],"mitigate":[25],"heavy":[27],"clutter":[28,61,94],"caused":[29],"by":[30],"strong":[31],"reflections":[32],"from":[33,71],"exterior":[34],"interior":[36],"walls.":[37,122],"To":[38],"improve":[39],"spatial":[40],"resolution,":[41],"apply":[43],"multiple-input":[44],"multiple-output":[45],"(MIMO)":[46],"configurations":[47],"moving":[49,102],"target":[50],"indication":[51],"(MTI).":[52],"examine":[54],"formulation":[57],"performance":[59],"when":[60],"removal":[62],"is":[63],"performed":[64],"pre-":[65],"postbeamforming.":[67],"Using":[68],"signal":[69],"multiplexing":[70],"two":[72],"transmitters":[73],"several":[75],"receiver":[76],"positions,":[77],"show":[79],"that":[80],"virtual":[82],"array":[83],"(coarray)":[84],"implementing":[85],"prebeamforming":[87],"MIMO":[90],"scheme":[91],"permits":[92],"enhanced":[93],"rejection":[95],"improvement":[97],"in":[98],"imaging":[99],"resolution":[100],"targets":[103,119],"without":[104],"increasing":[105],"physical":[107],"aperture.":[108],"Laboratory":[109],"experiments":[110],"are":[111],"conducted":[112],"validate":[114],"proposed":[116],"approaches":[117],"with":[118],"walking":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
