{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2150289085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2012.6324756","title":"Characteristics of Kalman Filters for GNSS Signal Tracking Loop","display_name":"Characteristics of Kalman Filters for GNSS Signal Tracking Loop","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2150289085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2012.6324756","mag":"2150289085"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2012.6324756","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2012.6324756","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050335402","display_name":"Jong\u2010Hoon Won","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-574X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jong-Hoon Won","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Space Technology and Space Applications, University FAF Munich, Neubiberg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Space Technology and Space Applications, University FAF Munich, Neubiberg, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009888511","display_name":"Thomas Pany","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8456-5679"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Pany","raw_affiliation_strings":["IFEN GmbH, Poing, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IFEN GmbH, Poing, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057700327","display_name":"Bernd Eissfeller","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernd Eissfeller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Space Technology and Space Applications, University FAF Munich, Neubiberg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Space Technology and Space Applications, University FAF Munich, Neubiberg, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050335402"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.5414,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9772894,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"4","first_page":"3671","last_page":"3681"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.7848609685897827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.7568394541740417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminator","display_name":"Discriminator","score":0.7186674475669861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.7148438692092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5109276175498962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4837508201599121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.4656086266040802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.461561381816864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-kalman-filter","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","score":0.4406163990497589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-vector","display_name":"State vector","score":0.4354982376098633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant-extended-kalman-filter","display_name":"Invariant extended Kalman filter","score":0.4109562039375305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.35584506392478943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.17094206809997559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.1701669991016388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.13835102319717407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11832231283187866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10109516978263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09097599983215332}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.7848609685897827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.7568394541740417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779803651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282088","display_name":"Discriminator","level":3,"score":0.7186674475669861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.7148438692092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5109276175498962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4837508201599121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.4656086266040802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.461561381816864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206833254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421817","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","level":3,"score":0.4406163990497589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777798563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7603916","display_name":"State vector","level":2,"score":0.4354982376098633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8639503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6059511","display_name":"Invariant extended Kalman filter","level":4,"score":0.4109562039375305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.35584506392478943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.17094206809997559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.1701669991016388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.13835102319717407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11832231283187866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10109516978263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09097599983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2012.6324756","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2012.6324756","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480362708","https://openalex.org/W1485712087","https://openalex.org/W1500564636","https://openalex.org/W1662015608","https://openalex.org/W1705172257","https://openalex.org/W1985873700","https://openalex.org/W1994641974","https://openalex.org/W2032182598","https://openalex.org/W2065910253","https://openalex.org/W2115195561","https://openalex.org/W2118016533","https://openalex.org/W2131236830","https://openalex.org/W2132639726","https://openalex.org/W2138882480","https://openalex.org/W2140908852","https://openalex.org/W2145834063","https://openalex.org/W2149706307","https://openalex.org/W2156064084","https://openalex.org/W2165729006","https://openalex.org/W2171956285","https://openalex.org/W2186755163","https://openalex.org/W2288980723","https://openalex.org/W2289510839","https://openalex.org/W2324951596","https://openalex.org/W2546433526","https://openalex.org/W2597329865","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6637326481","https://openalex.org/W6687008709","https://openalex.org/W6696658462","https://openalex.org/W6696725197","https://openalex.org/W6701286752","https://openalex.org/W6734823060"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1035502194","https://openalex.org/W4206024512","https://openalex.org/W2164404293","https://openalex.org/W2053335193","https://openalex.org/W4300476109","https://openalex.org/W2772311278","https://openalex.org/W4205759170","https://openalex.org/W2354299011","https://openalex.org/W4385993860","https://openalex.org/W4302337189"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Characteristics":[0],"of":[1,54,76,100,118],"signal":[2,31,35,57],"tracking":[3,58],"Kalman":[4,72],"filter":[5,65],"(KF)":[6],"approaches":[7,106],"for":[8,30,34,115],"a":[9,27,47,69,101],"Global":[10],"Navigation":[11],"Satellite":[12],"System":[13],"(GNSS)":[14],"receiver":[15],"are":[16,85,107],"presented.":[17],"In":[18],"particular":[19],"the":[20,43,52,55,64,77,82,111,116,129],"direct-state":[21,78],"KF":[22,79,84,105],"is":[23],"designed":[24,130],"by":[25,61,87],"using":[26],"state":[28],"vector":[29],"parameters":[32],"not":[33],"parameter":[36],"errors,":[37],"so":[38],"as":[39,46],"to":[40,110,127],"directly":[41],"utilize":[42],"discriminator":[44],"output":[45],"measurement":[48],"residual.":[49],"This":[50,121],"enables":[51],"reuse":[53],"existing":[56],"loop":[59],"structure":[60],"simply":[62],"adjusting":[63],"coefficients":[66],"based":[67,132],"on":[68,133],"time-varying":[70,119],"optimal":[71],"gain.":[73],"The":[74],"characteristics":[75],"together":[80],"with":[81,98],"error-state":[83],"analyzed":[86],"comparing":[88],"their":[89,134],"noise":[90],"bandwidth":[91],"and":[92,94],"open-":[93],"closed-loop":[95],"transfer":[96],"functions":[97],"those":[99],"traditional":[102,112],"method.":[103],"These":[104],"mathematically":[108],"equivalent":[109],"method":[113],"except":[114],"use":[117],"gains.":[120],"fact":[122],"provides":[123],"an":[124],"insight":[125],"how":[126],"tune":[128],"KFs":[131],"expected":[135],"performances.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
