{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2066337195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2012.6324744","title":"Joint Detection, Tracking, and Classification of Multiple Targets in Clutter using the PHD Filter","display_name":"Joint Detection, Tracking, and Classification of Multiple Targets in Clutter using the PHD Filter","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2066337195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2012.6324744","mag":"2066337195"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2012.6324744","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2012.6324744","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057246165","display_name":"Wei Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0332-2649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yang Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","Sch. of Electron. Sci. & Eng., Nat. Univ. of Defense Technol., ChangSha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electron. Sci. & Eng., Nat. Univ. of Defense Technol., ChangSha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044897858","display_name":"Yaowen Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7081-266X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fu Yaowen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","Sch. of Electron. Sci. & Eng., Nat. Univ. of Defense Technol., ChangSha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electron. Sci. & Eng., Nat. Univ. of Defense Technol., ChangSha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005776591","display_name":"Long Jian-qian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Jianqian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","Sch. of Electron. Sci. & Eng., Nat. Univ. of Defense Technol., ChangSha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electron. Sci. & Eng., Nat. Univ. of Defense Technol., ChangSha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100331131","display_name":"Xiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4383-6505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","Sch. of Electron. Sci. & Eng., Nat. Univ. of Defense Technol., ChangSha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electron. Sci. & Eng., Nat. Univ. of Defense Technol., ChangSha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057246165"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8532,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93507585,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"4","first_page":"3594","last_page":"3609"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.9726999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.7931309938430786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.6448450088500977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinematics","display_name":"Kinematics","score":0.5854846835136414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5197362899780273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.5054657459259033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4834826588630676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4833059310913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4807000756263733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4523407816886902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4285374581813812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41840726137161255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-filter","display_name":"Particle filter","score":0.41426533460617065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.39759206771850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.24955224990844727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.08377900719642639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.0694597065448761}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.7931309938430786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.6448450088500977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11476","display_name":"Kinematics","level":2,"score":0.5854846835136414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5197362899780273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5054657459259033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4834826588630676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4833059310913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4807000756263733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4523407816886902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4285374581813812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41840726137161255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52421305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151499","display_name":"Particle filter","level":3,"score":0.41426533460617065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.39759206771850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.24955224990844727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.08377900719642639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0694597065448761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2012.6324744","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2012.6324744","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34992941","https://openalex.org/W565214016","https://openalex.org/W1481405638","https://openalex.org/W1483307070","https://openalex.org/W1557595030","https://openalex.org/W1557787678","https://openalex.org/W1984197191","https://openalex.org/W1984985028","https://openalex.org/W2012348964","https://openalex.org/W2031649236","https://openalex.org/W2040759397","https://openalex.org/W2047339782","https://openalex.org/W2052078011","https://openalex.org/W2086903647","https://openalex.org/W2091080722","https://openalex.org/W2095925246","https://openalex.org/W2097210164","https://openalex.org/W2097376436","https://openalex.org/W2097769234","https://openalex.org/W2103990233","https://openalex.org/W2104987265","https://openalex.org/W2106873007","https://openalex.org/W2110354007","https://openalex.org/W2113633319","https://openalex.org/W2123185183","https://openalex.org/W2126885789","https://openalex.org/W2127692198","https://openalex.org/W2127923214","https://openalex.org/W2129977043","https://openalex.org/W2137585588","https://openalex.org/W2150440166","https://openalex.org/W2157599066","https://openalex.org/W2160337655","https://openalex.org/W2161435744","https://openalex.org/W2165713270","https://openalex.org/W2169732458","https://openalex.org/W2169753921","https://openalex.org/W2171349495","https://openalex.org/W2484039423","https://openalex.org/W6633236426","https://openalex.org/W6633511732","https://openalex.org/W6660591010","https://openalex.org/W6676462664"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013741627","https://openalex.org/W1989212443","https://openalex.org/W2103644279","https://openalex.org/W4302986566","https://openalex.org/W1968585197","https://openalex.org/W2135362996","https://openalex.org/W1996520289","https://openalex.org/W3140584830","https://openalex.org/W2150578674","https://openalex.org/W877199042"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"account":[1],"for":[2,176,189],"joint":[3],"detection,":[4],"tracking,":[5],"and":[6,17,113,139,180,220,287,299],"classification":[7],"(JDTC)":[8],"of":[9,15,134,184,215,256,267,280],"multiple":[10,227],"targets":[11,138,230,286,291,296],"from":[12,231,292],"a":[13,24,45,50,165,172,190,274],"sequence":[14],"noisy":[16],"cluttered":[18],"observation":[19],"sets,":[20],"this":[21],"paper":[22],"introduces":[23],"recursive":[25],"algorithm":[26,144,157,259,270],"based":[27],"on":[28],"the":[29,36,67,70,82,87,99,103,109,118,132,135,143,146,182,185,195,210,216,237,240,257,264,278],"probability":[30],"hypothesis":[31],"density":[32],"(PHD)":[33],"filter":[34,53,56,175,188],"with":[35,108,243,263],"particle":[37,100],"implementation.":[38],"Assuming":[39],"that":[40,239],"each":[41,177],"target":[42,178,192,241],"class":[43,111,137,265],"has":[44,158,164],"class-dependent":[46,77,204],"kinematic":[47,78,205],"model":[48,79,206],"set,":[49],"class-matched":[51,173],"PHD-like":[52,84,93,151,174,187],"(i.e.,":[54],"PHD":[55,121,125],"or":[57],"its":[58],"multiple-model":[59],"implementation":[60],"(MMPHD))":[61],"is":[62,95,260,271],"assigned":[63],"to":[64,75,129,201,209],"it.":[65],"In":[66],"prediction":[68],"stage,":[69],"particles":[71,107,196],"are":[72,127],"propagated":[73,199],"according":[74,200],"their":[76,114,140,202],"set":[80,207],"in":[81,102],"matched":[83],"filter.":[85],"Then,":[86],"mutual":[88],"information":[89],"exchange":[90],"between":[91],"these":[92,150],"filters":[94],"completed":[96],"by":[97],"updating":[98],"weights":[101,116],"update":[104],"stage.":[105],"The":[106,153,253,269],"same":[110],"label":[112],"corresponding":[115,136],"represent":[117],"estimated":[119],"class-conditioned":[120,124],"distribution.":[122],"These":[123],"distributions":[126],"used":[128],"jointly":[130],"estimate":[131],"number":[133,266],"states.":[141],"Moreover,":[142],"incorporates":[145],"feature":[147,217],"measurements":[148,218],"into":[149],"filters.":[152],"proposed":[154,258],"multitarget":[155],"JDTC":[156],"four":[159],"distinctive":[160],"features.":[161],"First,":[162],"it":[163,170,224,235],"flexible":[166],"modularized":[167,211],"structure,":[168],"i.e.,":[169],"assigns":[171],"class,":[179],"facilitates":[181],"incorporation":[183],"extra":[186],"new":[191],"class.":[193],"Second,":[194],"can":[197,225,247,297],"be":[198],"exact":[203],"thanks":[208],"structure.":[212],"Third,":[213],"because":[214],"added":[219],"no":[221],"explicit":[222],"associations,":[223],"track":[226],"closely":[228,282],"spaced":[229,283],"different":[232,293],"classes.":[233],"Fourth,":[234],"avoids":[236],"possibility":[238],"classes":[242],"temporarily":[244],"low":[245],"likelihoods":[246],"end":[248],"up":[249],"being":[250],"permanently":[251],"lost.":[252],"computational":[254],"burden":[255],"linearly":[261],"increased":[262],"targets.":[268],"illustrated":[272],"via":[273],"simulation":[275],"example":[276],"involving":[277],"tracking":[279],"two":[281,288],"parallel":[284],"moving":[285,290],"crossing":[289],"classes,":[294],"where":[295],"appear":[298],"disappear.":[300]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}