{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017494490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2012.6324728","title":"Spaceborne Reflector SAR Systems with Digital Beamforming","display_name":"Spaceborne Reflector SAR Systems with Digital Beamforming","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017494490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2012.6324728","mag":"2017494490"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2012.6324728","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2012.6324728","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008656969","display_name":"Sigurd Huber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7097-5127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sigurd Huber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microwaves and Radar Institute, German AeroSpace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","Microwaves & Radar Inst., German Aerosp. Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwaves and Radar Institute, German AeroSpace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwaves & Radar Inst., German Aerosp. Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013091291","display_name":"Marwan Younis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8563-7371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marwan Younis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microwaves and Radar Institute, German AeroSpace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","Microwaves & Radar Inst., German Aerosp. Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwaves and Radar Institute, German AeroSpace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwaves & Radar Inst., German Aerosp. Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061721568","display_name":"Anton Patyuchenko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8652-9455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anton Patyuchenko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microwaves and Radar Institute, German AeroSpace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","Microwaves & Radar Inst., German Aerosp. Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwaves and Radar Institute, German AeroSpace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwaves & Radar Inst., German Aerosp. Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038360917","display_name":"Gerhard Krieger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4548-0285"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerhard Krieger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microwaves and Radar Institute, German AeroSpace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","Microwaves & Radar Inst., German Aerosp. Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwaves and Radar Institute, German AeroSpace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwaves & Radar Inst., German Aerosp. Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014119546","display_name":"Alberto Moreira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3436-9653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Moreira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microwaves and Radar Institute, German AeroSpace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","Microwaves & Radar Inst., German Aerosp. Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwaves and Radar Institute, German AeroSpace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwaves & Radar Inst., German Aerosp. Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008656969"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":134.4386,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":84,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99874192,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"4","first_page":"3473","last_page":"3493"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.7664474844932556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7410088777542114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6320242285728455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5131064653396606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflector","display_name":"Reflector (photography)","score":0.5055122375488281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.4709430932998657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phased-array","display_name":"Phased array","score":0.46897682547569275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4652444124221802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4386856257915497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.42097336053848267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-array","display_name":"Antenna array","score":0.41365110874176025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.35825878381729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.27173325419425964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24070104956626892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13584205508232117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.0891786515712738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.0805453360080719}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.7664474844932556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7410088777542114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6320242285728455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5131064653396606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778415886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1823435","display_name":"Reflector (photography)","level":3,"score":0.5055122375488281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.4709430932998657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55494473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727898","display_name":"Phased array","level":3,"score":0.46897682547569275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4652444124221802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4386856257915497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.42097336053848267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.41365110874176025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.35825878381729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.27173325419425964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24070104956626892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13584205508232117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0891786515712738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0805453360080719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982854487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9128","display_name":"Light source","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2012.6324728","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2012.6324728","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:69906","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2012.6324728>.","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:76420","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W75158322","https://openalex.org/W202005338","https://openalex.org/W339333066","https://openalex.org/W653761051","https://openalex.org/W1654723425","https://openalex.org/W1983657843","https://openalex.org/W1985053641","https://openalex.org/W2025615944","https://openalex.org/W2036188198","https://openalex.org/W2066218102","https://openalex.org/W2097233876","https://openalex.org/W2102399176","https://openalex.org/W2119021927","https://openalex.org/W2125057980","https://openalex.org/W2127065135","https://openalex.org/W2135247127","https://openalex.org/W2149342143","https://openalex.org/W2166117654","https://openalex.org/W2172001190","https://openalex.org/W2321585011","https://openalex.org/W2413225382","https://openalex.org/W2497052677","https://openalex.org/W3214953536","https://openalex.org/W4307604131","https://openalex.org/W6603099011","https://openalex.org/W6608113887","https://openalex.org/W6611596155","https://openalex.org/W6637094602","https://openalex.org/W6678007209","https://openalex.org/W6846610448"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2134258856","https://openalex.org/W2913021435","https://openalex.org/W2142660541","https://openalex.org/W2020035412","https://openalex.org/W2965013869","https://openalex.org/W2032001887","https://openalex.org/W2017008022","https://openalex.org/W2103484733","https://openalex.org/W4283804043","https://openalex.org/W4313428336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spaceborne":[0],"synthetic":[1],"aperture":[2],"radar":[3,42],"(SAR)":[4],"imaging":[5],"enters":[6],"an":[7],"era":[8],"where":[9,51],"increasingly":[10],"short":[11],"revisit":[12],"times,":[13],"or":[14],"large":[15],"swath":[16],"widths,":[17],"respectively,":[18],"and":[19,141],"high":[20],"spatial":[21],"resolutions":[22],"are":[23,145],"requested.":[24],"These":[25,91],"requirements":[26],"impose":[27],"contradicting":[28],"constraints":[29],"on":[30,125,133],"conventional":[31],"SAR":[32,63,88,139],"systems":[33,50],"using":[34],"analog":[35],"beamforming":[36,48],"technology.":[37],"The":[38],"development":[39],"for":[40,85,97],"future":[41],"satellites":[43],"is":[44,56,80,131],"therefore":[45],"towards":[46],"digital":[47,59,77],"(DBF)":[49],"the":[52,62,65,101,138],"analogous":[53],"receiver":[54],"hardware":[55,115,121],"replaced":[57],"by":[58],"components.":[60],"Concerning":[61],"antenna":[64],"innovative":[66],"concept":[67,122],"of":[68,110],"a":[69,76,82,94,113,120,126],"parabolic":[70],"mesh":[71],"reflector":[72],"in":[73,108,128],"conjunction":[74],"with":[75],"feed":[78],"array":[79,106],"becoming":[81],"promising":[83],"architecture":[84],"this":[86],"new":[87],"system":[89],"generation.":[90],"antennas,":[92],"already":[93],"mature":[95],"technique":[96],"communication":[98],"satellites,":[99],"have":[100],"potential":[102],"to":[103,137],"outperform":[104],"planar":[105],"antennas":[107],"terms":[109],"gain":[111],"at":[112],"moderate":[114],"effort.":[116],"This":[117],"article":[118],"provides":[119],"study":[123],"based":[124],"design":[127],"X-band.":[129],"Focus":[130],"put":[132],"DBF":[134],"algorithms":[135],"adopted":[136],"case":[140],"important":[142],"performance":[143],"figures":[144],"derived.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
