{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2040479662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2012.6129674","title":"Improving the Design of Frequency Lock Loops for GNSS Receivers","display_name":"Improving the Design of Frequency Lock Loops for GNSS Receivers","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2040479662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2012.6129674","mag":"2040479662"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2012.6129674","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2012.6129674","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065661204","display_name":"James T. Curran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2454-5123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27577105","display_name":"University College Cork","ror":"https://ror.org/03265fv13","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27577105"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. T. Curran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geomatics Engineering, Position, Location, and Navigation Group, University College Cork, Calgary, Canada","University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geomatics Engineering, Position, Location, and Navigation Group, University College Cork, Calgary, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College Cork, Cork, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27577105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029695687","display_name":"G\u00e9rard Lachapelle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9251-1665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Lachapelle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geomatics Engineering, Position, Location, and Navigation Group, University College Cork, Calgary, Canada","University of Calgary; Calgary; AB; Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geomatics Engineering, Position, Location, and Navigation Group, University College Cork, Calgary, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary; Calgary; AB; Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012523710","display_name":"Colin C. Murphy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0308-8461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27577105","display_name":"University College Cork","ror":"https://ror.org/03265fv13","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27577105"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. C. Murphy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland","University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27577105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College Cork, Cork, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27577105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065661204"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27577105"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.1002,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":68,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99310767,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"1","first_page":"850","last_page":"868"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11233","display_name":"Advanced Adaptive Filtering Techniques","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminator","display_name":"Discriminator","score":0.8740860223770142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.7207814455032349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lock","display_name":"Lock (firearm)","score":0.6443341970443726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5010788440704346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4803544282913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4702305495738983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","score":0.4622248411178589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loop","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","score":0.45463767647743225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4507855176925659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.43968719244003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-modulation","display_name":"Frequency modulation","score":0.4353885054588318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.31243211030960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.2694709002971649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.23553794622421265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22273826599121094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19521203637123108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.19297531247138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.16271260380744934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.08035352826118469}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779803651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282088","display_name":"Discriminator","level":3,"score":0.8740860223770142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.7207814455032349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174839445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134386","display_name":"Lock (firearm)","level":2,"score":0.6443341970443726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5010788440704346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4803544282913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4702305495738983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.4622248411178589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184670325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q512604","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.45463767647743225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4507855176925659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.43968719244003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.4353885054588318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.31243211030960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.2694709002971649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.23553794622421265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22273826599121094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19521203637123108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.19297531247138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.16271260380744934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.08035352826118469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2012.6129674","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2012.6129674","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W644171024","https://openalex.org/W1040230600","https://openalex.org/W1482158996","https://openalex.org/W1979154650","https://openalex.org/W2038166203","https://openalex.org/W2062841585","https://openalex.org/W2068329848","https://openalex.org/W2098988064","https://openalex.org/W2108791879","https://openalex.org/W2116718446","https://openalex.org/W2132639726","https://openalex.org/W2157429618","https://openalex.org/W2163599162","https://openalex.org/W2171956285","https://openalex.org/W2798333393","https://openalex.org/W2798564926","https://openalex.org/W4248676392","https://openalex.org/W6628586608","https://openalex.org/W7018733341"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293202849","https://openalex.org/W1980965563","https://openalex.org/W1489300767","https://openalex.org/W4380714744","https://openalex.org/W2387995142","https://openalex.org/W1998175234","https://openalex.org/W2533878492","https://openalex.org/W2358959497","https://openalex.org/W2936029881","https://openalex.org/W2072077388"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"analysis":[1],"of":[2,7,25,38,44,53],"the":[3,8,19,22,39,42,50],"design":[4,20],"and":[5,21,28,49],"performance":[6,24,37,52,72],"discrete-update":[9],"GNSS":[10],"frequency":[11,56],"lock":[12],"loop":[13,32],"(FLL)":[14],"is":[15,47,58,61],"presented.":[16],"Expressions":[17],"for":[18],"steady-state":[23],"one":[26],"first-order":[27],"two":[29],"second-order":[30],"FLL":[31,40],"filters":[33],"are":[34],"developed.":[35],"Transient":[36],"in":[41],"presence":[43],"thermal":[45],"noise":[46],"examined":[48],"relative":[51,74],"four":[54],"carrier":[55],"discriminators":[57],"studied.":[59],"It":[60],"shown":[62],"that":[63],"careful":[64],"discriminator":[65],"choice":[66],"can":[67],"yield":[68],"a":[69],"10":[70],"dB":[71],"improvement":[73],"to":[75],"\"naive\"":[76],"designs.":[77]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
