{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1969028121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2011.5751243","title":"Two-Dimensional Hidden Markov Model for Classification of Continuous-Valued Noisy Vector Fields","display_name":"Two-Dimensional Hidden Markov Model for Classification of Continuous-Valued Noisy Vector Fields","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1969028121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2011.5751243","mag":"1969028121"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2011.5751243","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2011.5751243","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013350630","display_name":"Paul M. Baggenstoss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3739-6104"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799471739","display_name":"Naval Undersea Warfare Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04bnxa153","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328969757","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2799471739","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paul M. Baggenstoss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, RI, USA","Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, RI, USA;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, RI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799471739"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, RI, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799471739"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013350630"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799471739"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04870584,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"2","first_page":"1073","last_page":"1080"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11901","display_name":"Bayesian Methods and Mixture Models","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.7336134314537048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.54903244972229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.5291320085525513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5273512005805969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-density-function","display_name":"Probability density function","score":0.5268964767456055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5261651873588562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5047351121902466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4963892102241516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.48920440673828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vector-field","display_name":"Vector field","score":0.4852173626422882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48304587602615356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sonar","display_name":"Sonar","score":0.4644956886768341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-model","display_name":"Markov model","score":0.4482210576534271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.44362491369247437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.41962242126464844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.41440004110336304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.37928590178489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.3505855202674866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.11489486694335938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09329482913017273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.7336134314537048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.54903244972229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.5291320085525513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5273512005805969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.5268964767456055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5261651873588562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5047351121902466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4963892102241516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.48920440673828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91188154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186247","display_name":"Vector field","level":2,"score":0.4852173626422882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48304587602615356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555745239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133220","display_name":"Sonar","level":2,"score":0.4644956886768341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163836022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6771326","display_name":"Markov model","level":3,"score":0.4482210576534271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.44362491369247437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.41962242126464844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.41440004110336304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.37928590178489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.3505855202674866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.11489486694335938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09329482913017273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/taes.2011.5751243","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2011.5751243","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2040612424","https://openalex.org/W2075517632","https://openalex.org/W2100115174","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2128465878","https://openalex.org/W2131386551","https://openalex.org/W2170198764","https://openalex.org/W2461435965","https://openalex.org/W6718827491"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3199220297","https://openalex.org/W2093540596","https://openalex.org/W2137769200","https://openalex.org/W2032962400","https://openalex.org/W2952608638","https://openalex.org/W2130145841","https://openalex.org/W2911323905","https://openalex.org/W2350761455","https://openalex.org/W1996172652","https://openalex.org/W2347430706"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"a":[5,9,58,63,120],"statistical":[6],"model":[7,35],"with":[8],"nonsymmetric":[10],"half-plane":[11],"(NSHP)":[12],"region":[13],"of":[14,28,30,70,77,97,119],"support":[15],"for":[16,41,68,88],"two-dimensional":[17,59,98],"continuous-valued":[18],"vector":[19,79],"fields.":[20],"It":[21],"has":[22],"the":[23,31,48,71,78,116,126],"simplicity,":[24],"efficiency,":[25],"and":[26,37,43,92],"ease":[27],"use":[29],"well-known":[32],"hidden":[33],"Markov":[34],"(HMM)":[36],"associated":[38],"Baum-Welch":[39,86],"algorithms":[40],"time-series":[42],"other":[44],"one-dimensional":[45],"problems.":[46],"At":[47],"same":[49],"time":[50],"it":[51],"is":[52],"able":[53],"to":[54],"learn":[55],"textures":[56],"on":[57],"field.":[60],"We":[61,124],"describe":[62],"fast":[64],"approximate":[65,85],"forward":[66],"procedure":[67],"computation":[69],"joint":[72],"probability":[73],"density":[74],"function":[75],"(pdf)":[76],"field":[80,117],"as":[81,83,101],"well":[82],"an":[84],"algorithm":[87],"parameter":[89],"reestimation.":[90],"Radar":[91],"sonar":[93],"applications":[94],"include":[95],"classification":[96],"fields":[99],"such":[100],"range":[102,106],"versus":[103,107],"azimuth":[104],"or":[105],"aspect":[108],"angle":[109],"data":[110,113],"wherein":[111],"each":[112],"point":[114],"in":[115],"consists":[118],"multi-dimensional":[121],"feature":[122],"vector.":[123],"test":[125],"method":[127],"using":[128],"synthetic":[129],"textures.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
