{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414110504","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2025.3608135","title":"Design of Stochastic Quantizers for Privacy-Preserving Control","display_name":"Design of Stochastic Quantizers for Privacy-Preserving Control","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414110504","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2025.3608135"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tac.2025.3608135","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2025.3608135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184954342","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","issn_l":"0018-9286","issn":["0018-9286","1558-2523","2334-3303"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/3e87fde7-7906-4da4-8a50-7feb1acd0702","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101871428","display_name":"Le Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5478-1952"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Le Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5911-318X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035690333","display_name":"Yu Kawano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5066-4700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113306721","display_name":"Hiroshima University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t78wx29","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113306721"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Kawano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Advance Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan","Graduate School of Advance Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5066-4700","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Advance Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113306721"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Advance Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113306721"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021403340","display_name":"Ming Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5472-562X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5472-562X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101871428"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8376,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88875069,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"2","first_page":"1160","last_page":"1174"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.8562999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.8562999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.7519000172615051,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10046","display_name":"Stability and Control of Uncertain Systems","score":0.7476000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.7839000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.5196999907493591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-control","display_name":"Stochastic control","score":0.4361000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.424699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-process","display_name":"Stochastic process","score":0.4180999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.38589999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.3571999967098236}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.7839000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6315000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5196999907493591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170131372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617811","display_name":"Stochastic control","level":3,"score":0.4361000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.424699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8272713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176737","display_name":"Stochastic process","level":2,"score":0.4180999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.38589999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.3571999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167964875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17011487","display_name":"Exponential stability","level":3,"score":0.33329999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780288589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617833","display_name":"Stochastic quantization","level":4,"score":0.33180001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.3294999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51955184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1545585","display_name":"Stochastic differential equation","level":2,"score":0.31779998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61326573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496376","display_name":"Gaussian process","level":3,"score":0.3167000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23130292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275358","display_name":"Differential privacy","level":2,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204495892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1798304","display_name":"Linear-quadratic-Gaussian control","level":3,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183356978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779213","display_name":"Tracking error","level":3,"score":0.2547999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.2540000081062317}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tac.2025.3608135","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2025.3608135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184954342","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","issn_l":"0018-9286","issn":["0018-9286","1558-2523","2334-3303"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:openaire/3e87fde7-7906-4da4-8a50-7feb1acd0702","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/3e87fde7-7906-4da4-8a50-7feb1acd0702","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Liu, L, Kawano, Y & Cao, M 2026, 'Design of Stochastic Quantizers for Privacy-Preserving Control', IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 1160-1174. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.2025.3608135","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:openaire/3e87fde7-7906-4da4-8a50-7feb1acd0702","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/3e87fde7-7906-4da4-8a50-7feb1acd0702","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Liu, L, Kawano, Y & Cao, M 2026, 'Design of Stochastic Quantizers for Privacy-Preserving Control', IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 1160-1174. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.2025.3608135","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984215999","https://openalex.org/W1990804524","https://openalex.org/W1998345701","https://openalex.org/W2026324833","https://openalex.org/W2094227853","https://openalex.org/W2122161467","https://openalex.org/W2123152740","https://openalex.org/W2131759005","https://openalex.org/W2147353363","https://openalex.org/W2159024459","https://openalex.org/W2163910870","https://openalex.org/W2291354115","https://openalex.org/W2293423476","https://openalex.org/W2342926214","https://openalex.org/W2468232490","https://openalex.org/W2502990994","https://openalex.org/W2562547220","https://openalex.org/W2570759866","https://openalex.org/W2911978475","https://openalex.org/W2913912362","https://openalex.org/W2916583047","https://openalex.org/W2946628232","https://openalex.org/W2952983945","https://openalex.org/W2963112534","https://openalex.org/W2963391656","https://openalex.org/W2963481874","https://openalex.org/W2964270889","https://openalex.org/W3011700784","https://openalex.org/W3025456519","https://openalex.org/W3047717738","https://openalex.org/W3081378937","https://openalex.org/W3094396364","https://openalex.org/W3119473005","https://openalex.org/W3149540688","https://openalex.org/W3198855841","https://openalex.org/W4205974944","https://openalex.org/W4210717739","https://openalex.org/W4210879306","https://openalex.org/W4211019631","https://openalex.org/W4236076921","https://openalex.org/W4298352039","https://openalex.org/W4310816528","https://openalex.org/W4391020419","https://openalex.org/W4402740697"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,114],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,34,116],"examine":[4],"the":[5,29,51,62,72,81,97,110,127,136,141,148],"role":[6],"of":[7,53,65,102],"stochastic":[8,21,121,129],"quantizers":[9],"for":[10],"privacy":[11,75,108],"preservation":[12],"in":[13],"control":[14,54,77,104,143],"systems.":[15],"We":[16,145],"first":[17],"employ":[18],"a":[19,37,93,119,124],"static":[20,137],"quantizer":[22,130],"and":[23,76,106],"investigate":[24,118],"its":[25],"privacy-preserving":[26],"properties":[27],"regarding":[28],"system's":[30],"initial":[31],"state.":[32],"Specifically,":[33],"demonstrate":[35],"that":[36],"sufficiently":[38],"large":[39],"quantization":[40,58,82,90],"step":[41],"guarantees":[42],"<inline-formula":[43],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[44],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[45],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$(0,":[46],"\\delta)$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[47],"differential":[48],"privacy.":[49],"Additionally,":[50],"degradation":[52],"performance":[55,105],"caused":[56],"by":[57,80,151],"is":[59],"evaluated":[60],"as":[61,92],"tracking":[63],"error":[64],"output":[66],"regulation.":[67],"These":[68],"two":[69,100],"analyses":[70],"characterize":[71],"trade-off":[73],"between":[74],"performance,":[78],"determined":[79],"step.":[83],"This":[84],"insight":[85],"enables":[86],"us":[87],"to":[88,95],"use":[89],"intentionally":[91],"means":[94],"achieve":[96],"seemingly":[98],"conflicting":[99],"goals":[101],"maintaining":[103],"preserving":[107],"at":[109],"same":[111,142],"time;":[112],"towards":[113],"end,":[115],"further":[117,146],"dynamic":[120,128],"quantizer.":[122],"Under":[123],"stability":[125],"assumption,":[126],"can":[131],"enhance":[132],"privacy,":[133],"more":[134],"than":[135],"one,":[138],"while":[139],"achieving":[140],"performance.":[144],"handle":[147],"unstable":[149],"case":[150],"additionally":[152],"applying":[153],"input":[154],"Gaussian":[155],"noise.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-02T09:04:35.204637","created_date":"2025-09-11T00:00:00"}
