{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409152460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2025.3558136","title":"A Game-Based Approach to Distributed Least-Distance Formation Tracking With a Moving Target","display_name":"A Game-Based Approach to Distributed Least-Distance Formation Tracking With a Moving Target","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409152460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2025.3558136"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tac.2025.3558136","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2025.3558136","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184954342","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","issn_l":"0018-9286","issn":["0018-9286","1558-2523","2334-3303"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jun Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7150-8517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7150-8517","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007560008","display_name":"Maojiao Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5553-9124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maojiao Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5553-9124","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lei Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3555-1411"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100255","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/016a74861","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automation &amp; the College of Artificial Intellegence, Nanjing, China","College of Automation &amp; the College of Artificial Intellegence, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3555-1411","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automation &amp; the College of Artificial Intellegence, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automation &amp; the College of Artificial Intellegence, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111954480","display_name":"Shengyuan Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengyuan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3015-0662","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083874423","display_name":"Qing\u2010Long Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7207-0716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57093077","display_name":"Swinburne University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/031rekg67","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing-Long Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7207-0716","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05585285,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"10","first_page":"6404","last_page":"6419"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.9714999794960022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.9714999794960022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9707000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12158","display_name":"Guidance and Control Systems","score":0.9598000049591064,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.57109534740448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5645394921302795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.40207773447036743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3329753875732422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.17352139949798584}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.57109534740448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5645394921302795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.40207773447036743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3329753875732422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.17352139949798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tac.2025.3558136","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2025.3558136","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184954342","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","issn_l":"0018-9286","issn":["0018-9286","1558-2523","2334-3303"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7533109199","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62173181","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8206657436","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62221004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8276591428","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62222308","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8971883099","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20220139","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G971235393","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62473203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013921128","https://openalex.org/W2015008374","https://openalex.org/W2061573280","https://openalex.org/W2076005186","https://openalex.org/W2107306424","https://openalex.org/W2119120935","https://openalex.org/W2128658178","https://openalex.org/W2162496869","https://openalex.org/W2167040191","https://openalex.org/W2318617406","https://openalex.org/W2328787299","https://openalex.org/W2478654971","https://openalex.org/W2499597001","https://openalex.org/W2611346233","https://openalex.org/W2784276179","https://openalex.org/W2801481166","https://openalex.org/W2909077198","https://openalex.org/W2919725712","https://openalex.org/W2920966613","https://openalex.org/W2940830480","https://openalex.org/W2945511679","https://openalex.org/W2945881826","https://openalex.org/W2962910407","https://openalex.org/W2979250250","https://openalex.org/W2988732123","https://openalex.org/W3007267406","https://openalex.org/W3026891999","https://openalex.org/W3034625574","https://openalex.org/W3042973648","https://openalex.org/W3072229048","https://openalex.org/W3087826186","https://openalex.org/W3103837574","https://openalex.org/W3109650618","https://openalex.org/W3113915485","https://openalex.org/W3127350400","https://openalex.org/W3128916254","https://openalex.org/W3135158448","https://openalex.org/W3136483272","https://openalex.org/W3145618612","https://openalex.org/W3154172639","https://openalex.org/W3164850820","https://openalex.org/W3174070171","https://openalex.org/W3184943192","https://openalex.org/W4205649791","https://openalex.org/W4210714139","https://openalex.org/W4293731047","https://openalex.org/W4295308697","https://openalex.org/W4301791716","https://openalex.org/W4317038588","https://openalex.org/W4388473639","https://openalex.org/W4390576779","https://openalex.org/W4400944461","https://openalex.org/W4405862467"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"is":[2,53,90,104,151,166,188,196,229],"concerned":[3],"with":[4,10,29,81],"game-based":[5,97],"distributed":[6,100,137,148],"least-distance":[7,48,101,149],"formation":[8,42,49,102,150],"tracking":[9,50,103,186],"a":[11,21,26,30,75,96,135,171,184,210,237],"moving":[12,27,133,182,220],"target.":[13,221],"More":[14],"specifically,":[15],"the":[16,38,44,55,58,61,82,86,121,126,129,132,174,178,181,200,206,215,219,223,226],"agents":[17,59,113,127,175,207],"aim":[18],"to":[19,66,146,190,208,218],"form":[20,209],"desired":[22,211],"shape":[23,212],"while":[24,213],"enclosing":[25],"target":[28,62,83],"least":[31],"overall":[32,216],"distance.":[33],"Different":[34],"from":[35],"most":[36],"of":[37,99,131,173,180,225,239],"existing":[39],"results":[40],"on":[41,154],"tracking,":[43],"key":[45],"challenge":[46],"for":[47,236],"under":[51,120],"consideration":[52],"that":[54,142,169,199],"distances":[56],"between":[57],"and":[60,109,160,241],"are":[63,70,114],"not":[64],"required":[65],"be":[67,144],"predefined":[68],"but":[69],"autonomously":[71],"adjusted":[72],"by":[73,231],"solving":[74],"distance":[76,87,217],"optimization":[77,88],"problem.":[78],"In":[79],"particular,":[80],"being":[84],"moving,":[85],"problem":[89],"time-varying.":[91],"To":[92],"address":[93],"this":[94],"issue,":[95],"formulation":[98],"first":[105],"presented,":[106],"where":[107],"first-":[108],"second-order":[110],"integrator":[111],"type":[112],"taken":[115],"into":[116],"account,":[117],"respectively.":[118],"Then,":[119],"scenario":[122],"in":[123],"which":[124],"all":[125],"know":[128],"position":[130],"target,":[134,183],"new":[136],"Nash":[138],"equilibrium":[139],"seeking":[140],"strategy":[141],"can":[143,176,203],"utilized":[145],"achieve":[147],"constructed":[152],"based":[153],"gradient":[155],"search":[156],"algorithms,":[157],"regularization":[158],"techniques":[159],"consensus":[161],"protocols.":[162],"Moreover,":[163],"when":[164],"it":[165],"further":[167],"considered":[168],"only":[170],"subset":[172],"access":[177],"information":[179,193],"leader-following":[185],"protocol":[187],"introduced":[189],"estimate":[191],"unknown":[192],"distributively.":[194],"It":[195],"theoretically":[197],"shown":[198],"proposed":[201],"strategies":[202,228],"globally":[204],"steer":[205],"minimizing":[214],"Finally,":[222],"effectiveness":[224],"established":[227],"verified":[230],"respectively":[232],"conducting":[233],"simulation":[234],"studies":[235],"network":[238],"vehicles":[240],"quadrotors.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
