{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402978257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2024.3471411","title":"Reinforcement Strategies in General Lotto Games","display_name":"Reinforcement Strategies in General Lotto Games","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402978257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2024.3471411"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tac.2024.3471411","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2024.3471411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184954342","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","issn_l":"0018-9286","issn":["0018-9286","1558-2523","2334-3303"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033692956","display_name":"Keith Paarporn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5966-7876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I888729015","display_name":"University of Colorado Colorado Springs","ror":"https://ror.org/054spjc55","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I888729015"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Keith Paarporn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO, USA","Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of Colorado, Colorado Springs"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I888729015"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of Colorado, Colorado Springs","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I888729015"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005103633","display_name":"Rahul Chandan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6563-9599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahul Chandan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon Robotics, North Reading, MA, USA","Amazon Robotics"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon Robotics, North Reading, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon Robotics","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051392196","display_name":"Mahnoosh Alizadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3369-3846"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahnoosh Alizadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003146330","display_name":"Jason R. Marden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3260-8574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason R. Marden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033692956"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I888729015"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2514,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80714592,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"4","first_page":"2228","last_page":"2241"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11705","display_name":"Gambling Behavior and Treatments","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11705","display_name":"Gambling Behavior and Treatments","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11674","display_name":"Sports Analytics and Performance","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11161","display_name":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","score":0.9620000123977661,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement","display_name":"Reinforcement","score":0.6429322361946106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6321322321891785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5386753678321838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37536028027534485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3229970932006836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2786465287208557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2174871265888214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.05854356288909912}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.6429322361946106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6321322321891785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5386753678321838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37536028027534485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3229970932006836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2786465287208557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2174871265888214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.05854356288909912}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tac.2024.3471411","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2024.3471411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184954342","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","issn_l":"0018-9286","issn":["0018-9286","1558-2523","2334-3303"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2341185230","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#N00014-20-1-2359","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G395728558","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#FA9550-21-1-0203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5133932682","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LFR-18-548175","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333677","funder_display_name":"Office of the President, University of California"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8218656324","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#FA9550-20-1-0054","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333677","display_name":"Office of the President, University of California","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4009483","https://openalex.org/W99529319","https://openalex.org/W131521480","https://openalex.org/W1531502668","https://openalex.org/W1980150219","https://openalex.org/W1999588868","https://openalex.org/W2010612033","https://openalex.org/W2012096115","https://openalex.org/W2026437434","https://openalex.org/W2043820931","https://openalex.org/W2110121314","https://openalex.org/W2123827275","https://openalex.org/W2140042174","https://openalex.org/W2148534455","https://openalex.org/W2907907364","https://openalex.org/W2962817890","https://openalex.org/W2964982781","https://openalex.org/W3011946459","https://openalex.org/W3045623514","https://openalex.org/W3120348026","https://openalex.org/W3123593429","https://openalex.org/W3125894253","https://openalex.org/W3137777013","https://openalex.org/W3177615320","https://openalex.org/W3210455821","https://openalex.org/W4226060967","https://openalex.org/W4313690045","https://openalex.org/W4314946946","https://openalex.org/W4366279054","https://openalex.org/W6603336223","https://openalex.org/W6906868370"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4310083477","https://openalex.org/W2328553770","https://openalex.org/W2920061524","https://openalex.org/W1977959518","https://openalex.org/W2038908348","https://openalex.org/W2107890255","https://openalex.org/W2106552856","https://openalex.org/W2145821588"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Strategic":[0],"decisions":[1,11],"are":[2,125],"often":[3],"made":[4,12],"over":[5],"multiple":[6],"periods":[7],"of":[8,34,40,53,73,104],"time,":[9],"wherein":[10],"earlier":[13],"impact":[14],"a":[15,32,48,94],"competitor's":[16],"success":[17],"in":[18,28,69,93,113],"later":[19],"stages.":[20],"In":[21],"this":[22],"article,":[23],"we":[24,120],"study":[25],"these":[26,114],"dynamics":[27],"General":[29,116],"Lotto":[30,117],"games,":[31],"class":[33],"models":[35],"describing":[36],"the":[37,54,67,70,74,105],"competitive":[38],"allocation":[39],"resources":[41,58,124,133],"between":[42],"two":[43],"opposing":[44],"players.":[45],"We":[46],"propose":[47],"two-stage":[49],"formulation":[50],"where":[51],"one":[52],"players":[55,79],"has":[56],"reserved":[57],"that":[59,122],"can":[60,90],"be":[61,91],"strategically":[62],"<italic":[63,85],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[64,86],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">preallocated</i>":[65],"across":[66],"battlefields":[68],"first":[71],"stage":[72],"game":[75],"as":[76,129,131],"reinforcements.":[77],"The":[78],"then":[80],"simultaneously":[81],"allocate":[82],"their":[83],"remaining":[84],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">real-time</i>":[87],"resources,":[88],"which":[89],"randomized,":[92],"decisive":[95],"final":[96],"stage.":[97],"Our":[98],"main":[99],"contributions":[100],"provide":[101],"complete":[102],"characterizations":[103],"optimal":[106],"reinforcement":[107,132],"strategies":[108],"and":[109],"resulting":[110],"equilibrium":[111,136],"payoffs":[112],"multistage":[115],"games.":[118],"Interestingly,":[119],"determine":[121],"real-time":[123],"at":[126],"least":[127],"twice":[128],"effective":[130],"when":[134],"considering":[135],"payoffs.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}