{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400525523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2024.3426549","title":"Opacity Versus Security in Linear Dynamical Systems","display_name":"Opacity Versus Security in Linear Dynamical Systems","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400525523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2024.3426549"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tac.2024.3426549","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2024.3426549","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184954342","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","issn_l":"0018-9286","issn":["0018-9286","1558-2523","2334-3303"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064848468","display_name":"Varkey M. John","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Varkey M. John","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of ECE, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","School of ECE at the Georgia Institute of Technology, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of ECE, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of ECE at the Georgia Institute of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025494801","display_name":"Vaibhav Katewa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2637-169X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091347","display_name":"Robert Bosch (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cedkn40","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091347","https://openalex.org/I889804353"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151956","display_name":"Robert Bosch (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04my8ty22","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151956","https://openalex.org/I889804353"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59270414","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/04dese585","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}],"countries":["CN","IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vaibhav Katewa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robert Bosch Center for Cyber-Physical Systems and the Department of ECE, The Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India","Robert Bosch Center for Cyber- Physical Systems and the Department of ECE at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robert Bosch Center for Cyber-Physical Systems and the Department of ECE, The Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091347"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robert Bosch Center for Cyber- Physical Systems and the Department of ECE at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151956","https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064848468"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7234,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72685301,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"1","first_page":"323","last_page":"338"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.3190000057220459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.3190000057220459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opacity","display_name":"Opacity","score":0.6016470193862915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5063880681991577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-system","display_name":"Linear system","score":0.48343977332115173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamical-systems-theory","display_name":"Dynamical systems theory","score":0.46894097328186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.28474533557891846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15474125742912292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.11670663952827454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.06217101216316223}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60056205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691914","display_name":"Opacity","level":2,"score":0.6016470193862915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5063880681991577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6802819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072174","display_name":"Linear system","level":2,"score":0.48343977332115173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79379906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3174497","display_name":"Dynamical systems theory","level":2,"score":0.46894097328186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.28474533557891846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15474125742912292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.11670663952827454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.06217101216316223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tac.2024.3426549","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2024.3426549","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184954342","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","issn_l":"0018-9286","issn":["0018-9286","1558-2523","2334-3303"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2469790208","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MTR/2022/000522","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334771","funder_display_name":"Science and Engineering Research Board"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6895746794","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SRG/2021/000292","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334771","funder_display_name":"Science and Engineering Research Board"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334771","display_name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","ror":"https://ror.org/03ffdsr55"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W155760568","https://openalex.org/W1531107270","https://openalex.org/W1562284768","https://openalex.org/W1581263401","https://openalex.org/W1997135270","https://openalex.org/W2003530067","https://openalex.org/W2108929677","https://openalex.org/W2121169821","https://openalex.org/W2142367687","https://openalex.org/W2143842190","https://openalex.org/W2149811200","https://openalex.org/W2162000948","https://openalex.org/W2735874745","https://openalex.org/W2803355698","https://openalex.org/W2900854145","https://openalex.org/W2912126217","https://openalex.org/W2921750014","https://openalex.org/W2922340626","https://openalex.org/W2940597649","https://openalex.org/W2943716175","https://openalex.org/W2954005548","https://openalex.org/W2963209376","https://openalex.org/W2963543862","https://openalex.org/W2967364281","https://openalex.org/W3033138220","https://openalex.org/W3113215678","https://openalex.org/W3118420685","https://openalex.org/W4200057759","https://openalex.org/W4221161625","https://openalex.org/W4315488612","https://openalex.org/W4388919042"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2161791806","https://openalex.org/W2073474947","https://openalex.org/W4366824690","https://openalex.org/W2613656770","https://openalex.org/W2482431380","https://openalex.org/W2082077321","https://openalex.org/W2053059436","https://openalex.org/W4313201885"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Opacity":[0],"is":[1,7],"a":[2,23,101],"notion":[3],"of":[4,65,86,135,144],"privacy":[5],"that":[6,57,100,120,131],"well":[8],"studied":[9],"in":[10,38,108,114,138],"computer":[11],"science":[12],"and":[13,42,52,55,72,91,94,106],"discrete-event":[14],"systems.":[15],"It":[16],"describes":[17],"an":[18,121],"eavesdropper's":[19],"inability":[20],"to":[21,62,157],"infer":[22],"system's":[24,30],"\u201csecret\u201d":[25],"states":[26,88,137],"by":[27],"observing":[28],"the":[29,66,73,84,109,133,139,142,150],"outputs.":[31],"In":[32],"this":[33,113],"article,":[34],"we":[35,80,98],"consider":[36],"opacity":[37,45,85,105],"linear":[39,67],"dynamical":[40],"systems":[41],"study":[43],"four":[44],"classes\u2014initial-state,":[46],"current-state,":[47],"<inline-formula":[48],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[49],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[50],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$K$</tex-math></inline-formula>-step":[51],"infinite-step":[53],"opacity,":[54],"show":[56,112,130],"they":[58],"are":[59],"fundamentally":[60],"connected":[61],"two":[63,115],"subspaces":[64],"system\u2014the":[68],"weakly":[69,74],"unobservable":[70],"subspace":[71],"unconstructible":[75],"subspace.":[76],"With":[77],"these":[78],"subspaces,":[79],"derive":[81],"conditions":[82],"for":[83,154],"secret":[87],"under":[89],"constrained":[90],"unconstrained":[92],"state":[93],"input":[95],"sets.":[96],"Further,":[97],"establish":[99],"tradeoff":[102],"exists":[103],"between":[104],"security":[107],"system.":[110],"We":[111,118,129],"ways:":[116],"1)":[117],"prove":[119],"opaque":[122,136,159],"system":[123,140,155],"always":[124],"permits":[125],"undetectable":[126,145],"attacks.":[127,146],"2)":[128],"expanding":[132],"set":[134,143],"expands":[141],"Our":[147],"work":[148],"provides":[149],"necessary":[151],"mathematical":[152],"foundation":[153],"designers":[156],"build":[158],"systems,":[160],"while":[161],"ensuring":[162],"adequate":[163],"security.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2024-07-12T00:00:00"}
