{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383295107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2023.3292747","title":"Critical Observability Verification and Enforcement of Labeled Petri Nets by Using Basis Markings","display_name":"Critical Observability Verification and Enforcement of Labeled Petri Nets by Using Basis Markings","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383295107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2023.3292747"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tac.2023.3292747","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2023.3292747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184954342","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","issn_l":"0018-9286","issn":["0018-9286","1558-2523","2334-3303"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113945947","display_name":"Xuya Cong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2851-8111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110440473","display_name":"Xi'an University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/046fkpt18","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xuya Cong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071850448","display_name":"Maria Pia Fanti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8612-1852"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68618741","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Bari","ror":"https://ror.org/03c44v465","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68618741"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Pia Fanti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic of Bari, Bari, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic of Bari, Bari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68618741"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075649674","display_name":"Agostino Marcello Mangini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6850-6153"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68618741","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Bari","ror":"https://ror.org/03c44v465","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68618741"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Agostino Marcello Mangini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic of Bari, Bari, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic of Bari, Bari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68618741"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045305170","display_name":"Zhiwu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1547-5503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111950717","display_name":"Macau University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqs2n27","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111950717","https://openalex.org/I4391767947"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiwu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electro-Mechanical Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","Institute of Systems Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electro-Mechanical Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Systems Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113945947"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9704,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94766996,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"12","first_page":"8158","last_page":"8164"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11125","display_name":"Petri Nets in System Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11125","display_name":"Petri Nets in System Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11741","display_name":"Flexible and Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observability","display_name":"Observability","score":0.9473810195922852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/petri-net","display_name":"Petri net","score":0.8232796788215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6631407737731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basis","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","score":0.6071241497993469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enforcement","display_name":"Enforcement","score":0.5882471203804016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-architecture","display_name":"Process architecture","score":0.4759494960308075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3164835572242737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15116971731185913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.07504838705062866}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36299963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369844","display_name":"Observability","level":2,"score":0.9473810195922852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38677869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q724168","display_name":"Petri net","level":2,"score":0.8232796788215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6631407737731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6071241497993469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.5882471203804016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136155141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247260","display_name":"Process architecture","level":3,"score":0.4759494960308075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3164835572242737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15116971731185913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.07504838705062866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tac.2023.3292747","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2023.3292747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184954342","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","issn_l":"0018-9286","issn":["0018-9286","1558-2523","2334-3303"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3175156566","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61873277","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3409566541","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62273272","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W120843661","https://openalex.org/W1168541131","https://openalex.org/W1962985716","https://openalex.org/W1972158470","https://openalex.org/W1979349468","https://openalex.org/W1982189925","https://openalex.org/W1996043796","https://openalex.org/W1996109622","https://openalex.org/W2108629956","https://openalex.org/W2126410464","https://openalex.org/W2496504753","https://openalex.org/W2497816991","https://openalex.org/W2504058988","https://openalex.org/W2509841691","https://openalex.org/W2538443008","https://openalex.org/W2755285785","https://openalex.org/W2887757342","https://openalex.org/W3004266930","https://openalex.org/W3131435727","https://openalex.org/W3133725719","https://openalex.org/W3140304683","https://openalex.org/W3181652927","https://openalex.org/W3202602210","https://openalex.org/W3203925003","https://openalex.org/W4289656227","https://openalex.org/W4293704267","https://openalex.org/W4320485655","https://openalex.org/W4382119200"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1938017683","https://openalex.org/W2158814988","https://openalex.org/W1543378523","https://openalex.org/W2355954834","https://openalex.org/W2285444239","https://openalex.org/W2257573499","https://openalex.org/W2901841247","https://openalex.org/W2091260341","https://openalex.org/W597347111","https://openalex.org/W2064254377"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"discrete":[1,41],"event":[2,42,100,122,132],"system":[3,159],"is":[4,124,139,146,160],"said":[5],"to":[6,22,35,128],"be":[7,116],"critically":[8,161],"observable":[9,92,162],"if":[10,118],"the":[11,17,36,77,80,119,129,150,157],"observer":[12],"can":[13,114],"always":[14,115],"determine":[15],"whether":[16],"current":[18],"state":[19,82],"necessarily":[20],"belongs":[21],"a":[23,56,85,90,97,103,110,134],"set":[24,101,123,135],"of":[25,40,50,79,84,136],"critical":[26,45,62],"states.":[27],"This":[28],"article":[29],"focuses":[30],"on":[31,149],"two":[32],"issues":[33],"related":[34],"safety":[37],"and":[38,48,68,141,163],"security":[39],"systems,":[43],"namely":[44],"observability":[46,63],"verification":[47],"enforcement":[49],"labeled":[51],"Petri":[52],"nets.":[53],"First,":[54],"given":[55],"bounded":[57],"net,":[58],"we":[59,95],"verify":[60],"its":[61],"by":[64],"using":[65],"basis":[66,105],"markings":[67],"solving":[69],"some":[70],"integer":[71],"linear":[72],"programming":[73],"problems,":[74],"thus":[75],"avoiding":[76],"enumeration":[78],"full":[81],"space":[83],"net":[86,93],"system.":[87],"Moreover,":[88],"for":[89],"noncritically":[91],"system,":[94],"obtain":[96],"feasible":[98,120,130],"stop-free":[99,121,131],"from":[102],"twin":[104],"reachability":[106],"graph":[107],"such":[108],"that":[109,156],"valid":[111],"control":[112,144,152],"policy":[113,145],"found,":[117],"nonempty.":[125],"Finally,":[126],"according":[127],"set,":[133],"disabled":[137],"edges":[138],"generated,":[140],"an":[142],"online":[143],"developed":[147],"based":[148],"supervisory":[151],"theory,":[153],"which":[154],"guarantees":[155],"closed-loop":[158],"deadlock":[164],"free.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}