{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3214913876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2021.3131125","title":"Opacity Enforcing Supervisory Control Using Nondeterministic Supervisors","display_name":"Opacity Enforcing Supervisory Control Using Nondeterministic Supervisors","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3214913876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2021.3131125","mag":"3214913876"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tac.2021.3131125","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2021.3131125","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184954342","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","issn_l":"0018-9286","issn":["0018-9286","1558-2523","2334-3303"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101729450","display_name":"Yifan Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7158-1514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation and Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation and Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034304769","display_name":"Xiang Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1944-1570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation and Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation and Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041126305","display_name":"Shaoyuan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3427-2912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaoyuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation and Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation and Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101729450"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8661,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91874213,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"12","first_page":"6567","last_page":"6582"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11125","display_name":"Petri Nets in System Modeling","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11125","display_name":"Petri Nets in System Modeling","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nondeterministic-algorithm","display_name":"Nondeterministic algorithm","score":0.9016588926315308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervisor","display_name":"Supervisor","score":0.7760496139526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervisory-control","display_name":"Supervisory control","score":0.726700484752655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6202937364578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.48809564113616943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.46147677302360535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automaton","display_name":"Automaton","score":0.4535064697265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4234263598918915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.29752057790756226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.17756670713424683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176181172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3490301","display_name":"Nondeterministic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.9016588926315308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779110517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1240788","display_name":"Supervisor","level":2,"score":0.7760496139526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92991967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7644329","display_name":"Supervisory control","level":3,"score":0.726700484752655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6202937364578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.48809564113616943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.46147677302360535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112505250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q787116","display_name":"Automaton","level":2,"score":0.4535064697265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4234263598918915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29752057790756226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.17756670713424683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tac.2021.3131125","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2021.3131125","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184954342","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","issn_l":"0018-9286","issn":["0018-9286","1558-2523","2334-3303"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G210139373","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62061136004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G229885113","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61803259","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5751649387","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62173226","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W94945286","https://openalex.org/W1562284768","https://openalex.org/W1976202267","https://openalex.org/W1985508025","https://openalex.org/W2001653139","https://openalex.org/W2004398490","https://openalex.org/W2008737885","https://openalex.org/W2031373068","https://openalex.org/W2052227055","https://openalex.org/W2061598829","https://openalex.org/W2064886960","https://openalex.org/W2093645787","https://openalex.org/W2133053297","https://openalex.org/W2165165000","https://openalex.org/W2416559203","https://openalex.org/W2497816991","https://openalex.org/W2502103274","https://openalex.org/W2509841691","https://openalex.org/W2521231675","https://openalex.org/W2538443008","https://openalex.org/W2601738991","https://openalex.org/W2768035641","https://openalex.org/W2768356411","https://openalex.org/W2796125030","https://openalex.org/W2804520243","https://openalex.org/W2809079675","https://openalex.org/W2882998909","https://openalex.org/W2883791759","https://openalex.org/W2883940784","https://openalex.org/W2897692436","https://openalex.org/W2901162916","https://openalex.org/W2904010205","https://openalex.org/W2912987268","https://openalex.org/W2922340626","https://openalex.org/W2953150142","https://openalex.org/W2954005548","https://openalex.org/W2962450199","https://openalex.org/W2963995273","https://openalex.org/W2964092980","https://openalex.org/W2968304255","https://openalex.org/W2968762186","https://openalex.org/W2979734265","https://openalex.org/W3003404631","https://openalex.org/W3003683895","https://openalex.org/W3011778292","https://openalex.org/W3012167693","https://openalex.org/W3032234888","https://openalex.org/W3033138220","https://openalex.org/W3045572615","https://openalex.org/W3048500797","https://openalex.org/W3075583475","https://openalex.org/W3090798789","https://openalex.org/W3100491209","https://openalex.org/W3113215678","https://openalex.org/W3151737739","https://openalex.org/W3155812964","https://openalex.org/W4233908264","https://openalex.org/W4251892696","https://openalex.org/W4289108615"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536962364","https://openalex.org/W46796605","https://openalex.org/W2333630979","https://openalex.org/W2325169597","https://openalex.org/W1502177156","https://openalex.org/W4309988904","https://openalex.org/W2561017691","https://openalex.org/W2070318121","https://openalex.org/W3211782872","https://openalex.org/W2331919730"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,70],"this":[1,71],"article,":[2,72],"we":[3,73,172],"investigate":[4],"the":[5,13,26,40,57,64,111,117,121,133,137,141,155,185],"enforcement":[6],"of":[7,15,97,136],"opacity":[8,80],"via":[9],"supervisory":[10],"control":[11,65,98,108,116,124,129,143,156],"in":[12,184],"context":[14],"discrete-event":[16],"systems.":[17],"A":[18,84],"system":[19,41,59,139],"is":[20,29,42,50,60,67,87,145],"said":[21],"to":[22,51,114],"be":[23,151],"opaque":[24,61],"if":[25],"intruder,":[27],"which":[28],"modeled":[30],"as":[31,140],"a":[32,44,53,75,88,106,127,146,160,167,191],"passive":[33],"observer,":[34],"can":[35,131],"never":[36],"infer":[37],"confidently":[38],"that":[39,56,91,174,187],"at":[43,100],"secret":[45],"state.":[46],"The":[47],"design":[48],"objective":[49],"synthesize":[52],"supervisor":[54,86,194],"such":[55,126],"closed-loop":[58],"even":[62,195],"when":[63,196],"policy":[66],"publicly":[68],"known.":[69],"propose":[74],"new":[76],"approach":[77],"for":[78,165],"enforcing":[79],"using":[81],"nondeterministic":[82,85,128,168,175,192],"supervisors.":[83],"decision":[89,109,112,144],"mechanism":[90,130],"provides":[92],"<italic":[93],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[94],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">a":[95],"set":[96,113],"decisions</i>":[99],"each":[101],"instant,":[102],"and":[103,149,162],"randomly":[104],"picks":[105],"specific":[107],"from":[110,154],"actually":[115],"plant.":[118],"Compared":[119],"with":[120],"standard":[122],"deterministic":[123,182,197],"mechanism,":[125],"enhance":[132],"plausible":[134],"deniability":[135],"controlled":[138],"online":[142],"random":[147],"realization":[148],"cannot":[150,199],"implicitly":[152],"inferred":[153],"policy.":[157],"We":[158],"provide":[159],"sound":[161],"complete":[163],"algorithm":[164],"synthesizing":[166],"opacity-enforcing":[169,193],"supervisor.":[170],"Furthermore,":[171],"show":[173],"supervisors":[176,183,198],"are":[177],"strictly":[178],"more":[179],"powerful":[180],"than":[181],"sense":[186],"there":[188],"may":[189],"exist":[190],"enforce":[200],"opacity.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}