{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3094922639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2020.3034198","title":"Dynamic Droop Control in Low-Inertia Power Systems","display_name":"Dynamic Droop Control in Low-Inertia Power Systems","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3094922639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2020.3034198","mag":"3094922639"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tac.2020.3034198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2020.3034198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184954342","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","issn_l":"0018-9286","issn":["0018-9286","1558-2523","2334-3303"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103181036","display_name":"Yan Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3567-2280"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3567-2280","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031245308","display_name":"Richard Pates","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6046-1878"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Pates","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lund University, Lund, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6046-1878","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lund University, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032910355","display_name":"Enrique Mallada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1568-1833"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrique Mallada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1568-1833","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.601,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89641397,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":"8","first_page":"3518","last_page":"3533"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10740","display_name":"Wind Turbine Control Systems","score":0.9812999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-droop","display_name":"Voltage droop","score":0.775128960609436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5059947371482849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5059134364128113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4803808331489563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-frequency-control","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","score":0.45756155252456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.37552106380462646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.34883052110671997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.2490355670452118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18893146514892578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16140064597129822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-regulator","display_name":"Voltage regulator","score":0.15992069244384766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07366037368774414}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40760162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10920295","display_name":"Voltage droop","level":4,"score":0.775128960609436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5059947371482849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5059134364128113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4803808331489563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220786","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","level":2,"score":0.45756155252456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.37552106380462646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.34883052110671997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2490355670452118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18893146514892578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16140064597129822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110706871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851210","display_name":"Voltage regulator","level":3,"score":0.15992069244384766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07366037368774414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tac.2020.3034198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2020.3034198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184954342","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","issn_l":"0018-9286","issn":["0018-9286","1558-2523","2334-3303"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:5e31da3c-6a86-4954-87e1-be1fbba5731f","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/5e31da3c-6a86-4954-87e1-be1fbba5731f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400536","display_name":"Lund University Publications (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 0018-9286","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3593213691","display_name":"Control of Monotone Systems and Diffusions","funder_award_id":"2016-04764","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","funder_display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","ror":"https://ror.org/03zttf063"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585651733","https://openalex.org/W1763243278","https://openalex.org/W1963597135","https://openalex.org/W1979742765","https://openalex.org/W1982603295","https://openalex.org/W2003594400","https://openalex.org/W2027270344","https://openalex.org/W2027562147","https://openalex.org/W2040846055","https://openalex.org/W2050955352","https://openalex.org/W2100929550","https://openalex.org/W2108326722","https://openalex.org/W2131588967","https://openalex.org/W2331230060","https://openalex.org/W2338338790","https://openalex.org/W2407856452","https://openalex.org/W2503976405","https://openalex.org/W2520314131","https://openalex.org/W2593249465","https://openalex.org/W2623904884","https://openalex.org/W2767089876","https://openalex.org/W2770281612","https://openalex.org/W2794121694","https://openalex.org/W2810088368","https://openalex.org/W2888916820","https://openalex.org/W2898968226","https://openalex.org/W2905020454","https://openalex.org/W2950074650","https://openalex.org/W2963540556","https://openalex.org/W2964120452","https://openalex.org/W2964159913","https://openalex.org/W2974062678","https://openalex.org/W3003824769","https://openalex.org/W4229706427","https://openalex.org/W6714121213"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3090384838","https://openalex.org/W2766311747","https://openalex.org/W4379525856","https://openalex.org/W2045304982","https://openalex.org/W4377968429","https://openalex.org/W2529755282","https://openalex.org/W4213134919","https://openalex.org/W2992556194","https://openalex.org/W2388296219","https://openalex.org/W4231913803"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"widely":[1],"embraced":[2],"approach":[3,36],"to":[4,14,21,33,131,181],"mitigate":[5],"the":[6,23,26,49,67,95,108,115,127,142,150,166,196,218,233],"dynamic":[7,133],"degradation":[8],"in":[9,149],"low-inertia":[10],"power":[11,101],"systems":[12],"is":[13,221,228],"mimic":[15],"generation":[16],"response":[17,135],"using":[18],"grid-connected":[19],"inverters":[20],"restore":[22],"stiffness":[24],"of":[25,48,52,69,97,114,122,129,152,168],"grid.":[27],"In":[28],"this":[29,35,57],"article,":[30],"we":[31,59,93,174],"seek":[32],"challenge":[34],"and":[37,63,75,99,103,111,170,201,231],"advocate":[38],"for":[39,237],"a":[40,45,61,87,158,203,208,241],"principled":[41],"design":[42],"based":[43],"on":[44,107],"systematic":[46],"analysis":[47,118],"performance":[50,80,246],"trade-offs":[51],"inverter-based":[53],"frequency":[54,104,134,144,190],"control.":[55],"With":[56],"aim,":[58],"perform":[60],"qualitative":[62],"quantitative":[64],"study":[65],"comparing":[66],"effect":[68,96],"conventional":[70],"control":[71,73,139,198],"strategies-droop":[72],"(DC)":[74],"virtual":[76],"inertia":[77],"(VI)-on":[78],"several":[79,120],"metrics":[81],"induced":[82],"byL2andL\u221esignal":[83],"norms.":[84],"By":[85],"extending":[86],"recently":[88],"proposed":[89,219],"modal":[90],"decomposition":[91],"method,":[92],"capture":[94],"step":[98],"stochastic":[100],"disturbances,":[102],"measurement":[105,153],"noise,":[106],"overall":[109],"transient":[110],"steady-state":[112,138,197],"behavior":[113],"system.":[116],"Our":[117],"unveils":[119],"limitations":[121,167],"these":[123,211],"solutions,":[124],"such":[125],"as":[126],"inability":[128],"DC":[130,169],"improve":[132],"without":[136,194],"increasing":[137],"effort,":[140],"or":[141,189],"large":[143],"variance":[145],"that":[146,164,176,206,217,232],"VI":[147],"introduces":[148],"presence":[151],"noise.":[154],"We":[155],"further":[156],"propose":[157,202],"novel":[159],"dynam-i-c":[160],"droop":[161],"controller":[162],"(iDroop)":[163],"overcomes":[165],"VI.":[171],"More":[172],"precisely,":[173],"show":[175],"iDroop":[177],"can":[178],"be":[179],"tuned":[180],"achieve":[182],"high":[183],"noise":[184],"rejection,":[185],"fast":[186],"system-wide":[187],"synchronization,":[188],"overshoot":[191],"(Nadir)":[192],"elimination":[193,239],"affecting":[195],"effort":[199],"share,":[200],"tuning":[204,220,235],"recommendation":[205],"strikes":[207,240],"balance":[209],"among":[210,244],"objectives.":[212],"Extensive":[213],"numerical":[214],"experimentation":[215],"shows":[216],"effective":[222],"even":[223],"when":[224],"our":[225],"proportionality":[226],"assumption":[227],"not":[229],"valid,":[230],"particular":[234],"used":[236],"Nadir":[238],"good":[242],"trade-off":[243],"various":[245],"metrics.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}