{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3029020379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2020.2997363","title":"Novel Stealthy Attack and Defense Strategies for Networked Control Systems","display_name":"Novel Stealthy Attack and Defense Strategies for Networked Control Systems","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3029020379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2020.2997363","mag":"3029020379"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tac.2020.2997363","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2020.2997363","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184954342","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","issn_l":"0018-9286","issn":["0018-9286","1558-2523","2334-3303"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056011834","display_name":"Yanbing Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-4179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yanbing Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047245404","display_name":"Hamidreza Jafarnejadsani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8489-005X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108468826","display_name":"Stevens Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02z43xh36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamidreza Jafarnejadsani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059241804","display_name":"Pan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9349-1125"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012879525","display_name":"Emrah Akyol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0663-1677"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123946342","display_name":"Binghamton University","ror":"https://ror.org/008rmbt77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emrah Akyol","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Binghamton University\u2013SUNY, Binghamton, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Binghamton University\u2013SUNY, Binghamton, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029998748","display_name":"Naira Hovakimyan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3850-1073"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naira Hovakimyan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056011834"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9088,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95633847,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"65","issue":"9","first_page":"3847","last_page":"3862"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.7726508378982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7375757098197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5430161356925964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5214487910270691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-agent-system","display_name":"Multi-agent system","score":0.49319928884506226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.4916446805000305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.4580783247947693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4375491142272949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.42676016688346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observer","display_name":"Observer (physics)","score":0.4171956479549408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-space","display_name":"State space","score":0.41534551978111267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.33584481477737427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3018363416194916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.17681756615638733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1695343554019928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15603971481323242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.12551885843276978}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.7726508378982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7375757098197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5430161356925964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5214487910270691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41550386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q529909","display_name":"Multi-agent system","level":2,"score":0.49319928884506226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.4916446805000305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.4580783247947693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4375491142272949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.42676016688346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780704645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9251458","display_name":"Observer (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4171956479549408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72434380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230930","display_name":"State space","level":2,"score":0.41534551978111267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.33584481477737427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3018363416194916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.17681756615638733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1695343554019928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15603971481323242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.12551885843276978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tac.2020.2997363","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2020.2997363","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184954342","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","issn_l":"0018-9286","issn":["0018-9286","1558-2523","2334-3303"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1735108779","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECCS-1739732","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4516805294","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CMMI-1663460","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332681","display_name":"Binghamton University","ror":"https://ror.org/008rmbt77"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557652964","https://openalex.org/W1982244553","https://openalex.org/W2003530067","https://openalex.org/W2034263424","https://openalex.org/W2044212084","https://openalex.org/W2050298360","https://openalex.org/W2050505323","https://openalex.org/W2086356742","https://openalex.org/W2094526072","https://openalex.org/W2097055335","https://openalex.org/W2097089521","https://openalex.org/W2105850748","https://openalex.org/W2107278508","https://openalex.org/W2107846430","https://openalex.org/W2112668583","https://openalex.org/W2123575451","https://openalex.org/W2128928412","https://openalex.org/W2130073982","https://openalex.org/W2133754447","https://openalex.org/W2146890818","https://openalex.org/W2152728520","https://openalex.org/W2153775930","https://openalex.org/W2155589794","https://openalex.org/W2158469273","https://openalex.org/W2165744313","https://openalex.org/W2165756371","https://openalex.org/W2169475202","https://openalex.org/W2171031300","https://openalex.org/W2243302717","https://openalex.org/W2243430762","https://openalex.org/W2501046130","https://openalex.org/W2568239832","https://openalex.org/W2568356656","https://openalex.org/W2766095262","https://openalex.org/W2782999767","https://openalex.org/W2783898599","https://openalex.org/W2883042941","https://openalex.org/W2913552006","https://openalex.org/W2913762995","https://openalex.org/W2963487627","https://openalex.org/W3011506053","https://openalex.org/W3012307766","https://openalex.org/W3084298332","https://openalex.org/W3103470934","https://openalex.org/W6671735865","https://openalex.org/W6767153652"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2086397253","https://openalex.org/W2357468538","https://openalex.org/W1490949538","https://openalex.org/W1598820299","https://openalex.org/W2079049982","https://openalex.org/W2751205960","https://openalex.org/W3098358002","https://openalex.org/W2292721517","https://openalex.org/W2754830870","https://openalex.org/W2032094590"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"studies":[2],"novel":[3],"attack":[4,18,32,122,167,233],"and":[5,48,92,104,114,149,170,173,206],"defense":[6,58,152],"strategies,":[7],"based":[8,236],"on":[9,61,237],"a":[10,26,69,118],"class":[11],"of":[12,40,44,71,88,111,166,176,185,192,201,209,222,225],"stealthy":[13,120],"attacks,":[14],"namely":[15],"the":[16,37,41,45,63,84,95,109,132,138,145,157,161,174,186,193,199,207,210,220,223,226,238,242],"zero-dynamics":[17],"(ZDA),":[19],"for":[20,183],"multiagent":[21],"control":[22,46],"systems.":[23],"ZDA":[24,81,106,134,147,188],"poses":[25],"formidable":[27],"security":[28],"challenge":[29],"since":[30],"its":[31],"signal":[33],"is":[34,86,135],"hidden":[35],"in":[36,190],"null":[38],"space":[39],"state-space":[42],"representation":[43,65],"system":[47],"hence":[49,93],"it":[50],"can":[51],"evade":[52],"conventional":[53],"detection":[54,234],"methods.":[55],"An":[56],"intuitive":[57],"strategy":[59],"builds":[60],"changing":[62],"aforementioned":[64],"via":[66],"switching":[67,112,128],"through":[68],"set":[70,200],"carefully":[72],"crafted":[73],"topologies.":[74],"In":[75],"this":[76,89],"article,":[77],"we":[78,180],"propose":[79,231],"realistic":[80,158],"variations":[82],"where":[83],"attacker":[85],"aware":[87],"topology-switching":[90],"strategy,":[91],"employs":[94],"following":[96],"policies":[97],"to":[98,108,196,203,251],"avoid":[99],"detection:":[100],"first,":[101],"pause,":[102],"update,":[103],"resume":[105],"according":[107],"knowledge":[110,165],"topologies;":[113],"second,":[115],"cooperate":[116],"with":[117],"concurrent":[119],"topology":[121,126],"that":[123,131,160,213],"alters":[124],"network":[125,194],"at":[127],"times,":[129],"such":[130],"original":[133],"feasible":[136],"under":[137,156],"corrupted":[139],"topology.":[140],"We":[141,229,246],"first":[142],"systematically":[143],"study":[144],"proposed":[146,187],"variations,":[148,189],"then":[150,230],"develop":[151],"strategies":[153],"against":[154],"them":[155],"assumption":[159],"defender":[162],"has":[163],"no":[164],"starting,":[168],"pausing,":[169],"resuming":[171],"times":[172],"number":[175],"misbehaving":[177],"agents.":[178,228],"Particularly,":[179],"characterize":[181],"conditions":[182],"detectability":[184,244],"terms":[191],"topologies":[195],"be":[197,204,215],"maintained,":[198],"agents":[202,212],"monitored,":[205],"measurements":[208],"monitored":[211],"should":[214],"extracted,":[216],"while":[217],"simultaneously":[218],"preserving":[219],"privacy":[221],"states":[224],"nonmonitored":[227],"an":[232],"algorithm":[235],"Luenberger":[239],"observer,":[240],"using":[241],"characterized":[243],"conditions.":[245],"provide":[247],"numerical":[248],"simulation":[249],"results":[250],"demonstrate":[252],"our":[253],"theoretical":[254],"findings.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
