{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2793205632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2018.2807924","title":"Deadline Scheduling as Restless Bandits","display_name":"Deadline Scheduling as Restless Bandits","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-02-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2793205632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2018.2807924","mag":"2793205632"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tac.2018.2807924","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2018.2807924","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184954342","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","issn_l":"0018-9286","issn":["0018-9286","1558-2523","2334-3303"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063367376","display_name":"Zhe Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1068-2386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028612373","display_name":"Yunjian Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0110-8032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunjian Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044316824","display_name":"Lang Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3322-2681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lang Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063367376"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.346,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89037512,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"8","first_page":"2343","last_page":"2358"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.66860431432724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.6651349067687988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.5812712907791138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5491629838943481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-shop-scheduling","display_name":"Job shop scheduling","score":0.52735835313797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.4921404719352722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.44041895866394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.4329875409603119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queueing-theory","display_name":"Queueing theory","score":0.42546141147613525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queue","display_name":"Queue","score":0.42116281390190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2767772078514099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schedule","display_name":"Schedule","score":0.12397468090057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.08092528581619263}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.66860431432724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.6651349067687988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.5812712907791138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5491629838943481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55416958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206757","display_name":"Job shop scheduling","level":3,"score":0.52735835313797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.4921404719352722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.44041895866394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.4329875409603119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22684755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847526","display_name":"Queueing theory","level":2,"score":0.42546141147613525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160403385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220543","display_name":"Queue","level":2,"score":0.42116281390190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2767772078514099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.12397468090057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.08092528581619263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tac.2018.2807924","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2018.2807924","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184954342","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","issn_l":"0018-9286","issn":["0018-9286","1558-2523","2334-3303"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5220401","https://openalex.org/W194244820","https://openalex.org/W1485093219","https://openalex.org/W1518931405","https://openalex.org/W1647779468","https://openalex.org/W1968005108","https://openalex.org/W1979325882","https://openalex.org/W1988360637","https://openalex.org/W2025585405","https://openalex.org/W2035082769","https://openalex.org/W2035446426","https://openalex.org/W2044206847","https://openalex.org/W2044502527","https://openalex.org/W2054064936","https://openalex.org/W2054225390","https://openalex.org/W2056454986","https://openalex.org/W2056921512","https://openalex.org/W2072906481","https://openalex.org/W2092860676","https://openalex.org/W2101020563","https://openalex.org/W2102166244","https://openalex.org/W2105556121","https://openalex.org/W2109488193","https://openalex.org/W2113212182","https://openalex.org/W2121084552","https://openalex.org/W2127470768","https://openalex.org/W2130929918","https://openalex.org/W2137456672","https://openalex.org/W2141515329","https://openalex.org/W2143757811","https://openalex.org/W2154594768","https://openalex.org/W2155237069","https://openalex.org/W2270589929","https://openalex.org/W2272308828","https://openalex.org/W2316954777","https://openalex.org/W2317700292","https://openalex.org/W2345107614","https://openalex.org/W2476591540","https://openalex.org/W2499002200","https://openalex.org/W2554840191","https://openalex.org/W2601392749","https://openalex.org/W2752573522","https://openalex.org/W2886101617","https://openalex.org/W2963075041","https://openalex.org/W2963599317","https://openalex.org/W3098977136","https://openalex.org/W3125634603","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4298856952","https://openalex.org/W4301216918","https://openalex.org/W6607920450","https://openalex.org/W6629205730","https://openalex.org/W6656610048","https://openalex.org/W6735743344"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3172150420","https://openalex.org/W2107725657","https://openalex.org/W2112121444","https://openalex.org/W2509452605","https://openalex.org/W2928328943","https://openalex.org/W2115248066","https://openalex.org/W2315999538","https://openalex.org/W187740018","https://openalex.org/W2162286586","https://openalex.org/W4255368532"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,33],"problem":[1,65],"of":[2,52,74,120],"stochastic":[3,26,62],"deadline":[4,63],"scheduling":[5,64],"is":[6,14,66,78,100,104],"considered.":[7],"A":[8,71],"constrained":[9],"Markov":[10],"decision":[11],"process":[12],"model":[13],"introduced":[15],"in":[16],"which":[17],"jobs":[18],"arrive":[19],"randomly":[20],"at":[21],"a":[22,44,56],"service":[23,34],"center":[24],"with":[25],"job":[27,114],"sizes,":[28],"rewards,":[29],"and":[30,43,102,117],"completion":[31],"deadlines.":[32],"provider":[35],"faces":[36],"random":[37],"processing":[38,51,85],"costs,":[39],"convex":[40],"noncompletion":[41],"penalties,":[42],"capacity":[45],"constraint":[46],"that":[47,106],"limits":[48],"the":[49,61,75,81,84,93,96,107,113,118],"simultaneous":[50],"jobs.":[53],"Formulated":[54],"as":[55,112],"restless":[57],"multiarmed":[58],"bandit":[59],"problem,":[60],"shown":[67,105],"to":[68,110,125],"be":[69],"indexable.":[70],"closed-form":[72],"expression":[73],"Whittle's":[76,97],"index":[77,98],"obtained":[79],"for":[80,95],"case":[82],"when":[83],"costs":[86],"are":[87],"constant.":[88],"An":[89],"upper":[90],"bound":[91,108],"on":[92],"gap-to-optimality":[94],"policy":[99],"obtained,":[101],"it":[103],"converges":[109],"zero":[111],"arrival":[115],"rate":[116],"number":[119],"available":[121],"processors":[122],"increase":[123],"simultaneously":[124],"infinity.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T14:59:36.786465","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}