{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2106789400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2010.2072590","title":"A Gaussian Mixture Filter for Range-Only Tracking","display_name":"A Gaussian Mixture Filter for Range-Only Tracking","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2106789400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2010.2072590","mag":"2106789400"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tac.2010.2072590","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2010.2072590","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184954342","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","issn_l":"0018-9286","issn":["0018-9286","1558-2523","2334-3303"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111299161","display_name":"J. M. C. Clark","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. M. C. Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK","Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Imperial Coll., London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Imperial Coll., London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040880277","display_name":"P.A. Kountouriotis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. A. Kountouriotis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK","Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Imperial Coll., London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Imperial Coll., London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031053402","display_name":"Richard Vinter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3585-0473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. B. Vinter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK","Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Imperial Coll., London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Imperial Coll., London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9169,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88806824,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"3","first_page":"602","last_page":"613"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9811000227928162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-kalman-filter","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","score":0.7088543772697449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-kalman-filter","display_name":"Ensemble Kalman filter","score":0.6335067749023438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.5563077926635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4908924698829651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.48100313544273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-process","display_name":"Gaussian process","score":0.4788919985294342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant-extended-kalman-filter","display_name":"Invariant extended Kalman filter","score":0.47172513604164124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filtering-problem","display_name":"Filtering problem","score":0.46624699234962463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-filter","display_name":"Particle filter","score":0.46384432911872864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.43476101756095886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.4298502802848816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3868985176086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35462382435798645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24701213836669922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.16153118014335632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07819652557373047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206833254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421817","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","level":3,"score":0.7088543772697449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79334102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072268","display_name":"Ensemble Kalman filter","level":4,"score":0.6335067749023438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5563077926635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4908924698829651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.48100313544273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61326573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496376","display_name":"Gaussian process","level":3,"score":0.4788919985294342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8639503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6059511","display_name":"Invariant extended Kalman filter","level":4,"score":0.47172513604164124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41614226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5449244","display_name":"Filtering problem","level":4,"score":0.46624699234962463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52421305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151499","display_name":"Particle filter","level":3,"score":0.46384432911872864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43476101756095886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4298502802848816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3868985176086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35462382435798645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24701213836669922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.16153118014335632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07819652557373047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tac.2010.2072590","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2010.2072590","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184954342","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","issn_l":"0018-9286","issn":["0018-9286","1558-2523","2334-3303"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1823500649","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/G066477/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1531532259","https://openalex.org/W1982711454","https://openalex.org/W2011385001","https://openalex.org/W2022798014","https://openalex.org/W2031868281","https://openalex.org/W2050200348","https://openalex.org/W2050798121","https://openalex.org/W2064119066","https://openalex.org/W2070898270","https://openalex.org/W2081405447","https://openalex.org/W2082804349","https://openalex.org/W2096126935","https://openalex.org/W2099867508","https://openalex.org/W2117853077","https://openalex.org/W2118603200","https://openalex.org/W2138173515","https://openalex.org/W2144453382","https://openalex.org/W2160337655","https://openalex.org/W2160761744","https://openalex.org/W2162548352","https://openalex.org/W2238582461","https://openalex.org/W2485237197","https://openalex.org/W2546240202","https://openalex.org/W6681203273"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2381377965","https://openalex.org/W3045436116","https://openalex.org/W2570122939","https://openalex.org/W2317255797","https://openalex.org/W2137943889","https://openalex.org/W2321547725","https://openalex.org/W3214057618","https://openalex.org/W3084418002","https://openalex.org/W1596450531","https://openalex.org/W2114939709"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Range-only":[0],"tracking":[1,73],"problems":[2,74],"arise":[3],"in":[4,38,63,75],"extended":[5,48],"data":[6],"collection":[7],"for":[8,71],"inverse":[9],"synthetic":[10],"radar":[11],"applications,":[12],"robotics,":[13],"navigation":[14],"and":[15,52,167],"other":[16,53],"areas.":[17],"For":[18,42],"such":[19,72],"problems,":[20],"the":[21,25,29,45,79,91,104,114,126,134,161,165,169,177],"conditional":[22,92],"density":[23],"of":[24,47,107,113,136,148,171],"state":[26],"variable":[27],"given":[28],"measurement":[30,116],"history":[31],"is":[32,122],"multi-modal":[33],"or":[34],"exhibits":[35],"curvature,":[36],"even":[37],"seemingly":[39],"benign":[40],"scenarios.":[41],"this":[43],"reason,":[44],"use":[46],"Kalman":[49],"filter":[50,70,83,95],"(EKF)":[51],"nonlinear":[54],"filtering":[55],"techniques":[56,101],"based":[57,102],"on":[58,103],"Gaussian":[59,80,87,140],"approximations":[60,89],"can":[61],"result":[62],"inaccurate":[64],"estimates.":[65],"We":[66],"introduce":[67],"a":[68,137,143,149],"new":[69],"two":[76],"dimensions":[77],"called":[78],"mixture":[81,88,141],"range-only":[82,108],"(GMROF),":[84],"which":[85],"generates":[86],"to":[90,124,142],"densities.":[93],"The":[94],"equations":[96],"are":[97],"derived":[98],"by":[99],"analytic":[100],"specific":[105],"nonlinearities":[106],"tracking.":[109],"A":[110],"slight":[111],"modification":[112],"standard":[115],"process":[117],"model,":[118],"\u201cnoise":[119],"before":[120],"nonlinearity,\u201d":[121],"used":[123],"simplify":[125],"moment":[127],"calculations.":[128],"Implementation":[129],"requires,":[130],"at":[131],"each":[132],"step,":[133],"fitting":[135],"low":[138],"order":[139],"simple":[144],"exponentiated":[145],"trigonometric":[146],"function":[147],"scalar":[150],"variable.":[151],"Simulations":[152],"involving":[153],"scenarios":[154],"from":[155],"earlier":[156],"comparative":[157],"studies":[158],"indicate":[159],"that":[160],"GMROF":[162],"consistently":[163],"outperformed":[164],"EKF,":[166],"achieved":[168],"accuracy":[170],"particle":[172],"filters":[173],"while":[174],"significantly":[175],"reducing":[176],"computational":[178],"cost.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}