{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416961734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/systol66549.2025.11267351","title":"Gearbox Failure Detection via Pre-Trained and Fine-Tuned Transformer Encoder","display_name":"Gearbox Failure Detection via Pre-Trained and Fine-Tuned Transformer Encoder","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416961734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/systol66549.2025.11267351"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/systol66549.2025.11267351","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/systol66549.2025.11267351","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 6th International Conference on Control and Fault-Tolerant Systems (SysTol)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022688295","display_name":"Bryan Puruncajas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2194-6853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2135383","display_name":"Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral","ror":"https://ror.org/04qenc566","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2135383"]}],"countries":["EC"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bryan Puruncajas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Production Science, Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral (ESPOL),Guayaquil,Ecuador"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Production Science, Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral (ESPOL),Guayaquil,Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2135383"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106086038","display_name":"Sof\u00eda Espa\u00f1a","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2135383","display_name":"Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral","ror":"https://ror.org/04qenc566","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2135383"]}],"countries":["EC"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sof\u00eda Espa\u00f1a","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Production Science, Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral (ESPOL),Guayaquil,Ecuador"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Production Science, Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral (ESPOL),Guayaquil,Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2135383"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003558655","display_name":"Juan Fern\u00e1ndez S\u00e1nchez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2577-8404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141827","display_name":"Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica Ecotec","ror":"https://ror.org/04pe1sa24","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141827"]}],"countries":["EC"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Sanchez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad de Ingenierías Universidad ECOTEC,Samborondon,Ecuador,092302"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Ingenierías Universidad ECOTEC,Samborondon,Ecuador,092302","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042123937","display_name":"Francesco Castellani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4748-8256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Castellani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Perugia,Department of Engineering,Perugia,Italy,06125"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Perugia,Department of Engineering,Perugia,Italy,06125","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048647760","display_name":"Christian Tutiv\u00e9n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6322-4608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2135383","display_name":"Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral","ror":"https://ror.org/04qenc566","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2135383"]}],"countries":["EC"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Tutiv\u00e9n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Production Science, Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral (ESPOL),Guayaquil,Ecuador"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Production Science, Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral (ESPOL),Guayaquil,Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2135383"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022079712","display_name":"Yolanda Vidal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4964-6948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yolanda Vidal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Control, Data, and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Mathematics, Escola d’Enginyeria de Barcelona Est, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya,Barcelona,Spain,08019"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Control, Data, and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Mathematics, Escola d’Enginyeria de Barcelona Est, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya,Barcelona,Spain,08019","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022688295"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2135383"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49952921,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"101","last_page":"106"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11062","display_name":"Gear and Bearing Dynamics Analysis","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11941","display_name":"Power System Reliability and Maintenance","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-detection-and-isolation","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","score":0.5590999722480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictive-maintenance","display_name":"Predictive maintenance","score":0.5430999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/condition-monitoring","display_name":"Condition monitoring","score":0.5116000175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.4677000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.46470001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.4196000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.3982999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preventive-maintenance","display_name":"Preventive maintenance","score":0.38119998574256897}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.5590999722480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70452415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3182448","display_name":"Predictive maintenance","level":2,"score":0.5430999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5234000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775846686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q643012","display_name":"Condition monitoring","level":2,"score":0.5116000175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.4677000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.46470001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.4196000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4187000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.3982999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24090081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1043452","display_name":"Preventive maintenance","level":2,"score":0.38119998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163985040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172399","display_name":"Data acquisition","level":2,"score":0.3797999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.334199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.3212999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.31520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776157432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1375683","display_name":"Normality","level":2,"score":0.3125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172205157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782962","display_name":"Model predictive control","level":3,"score":0.3100999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776544517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189447","display_name":"Unexpected events","level":2,"score":0.29739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.2824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.2549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.2547000050544739}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/systol66549.2025.11267351","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/systol66549.2025.11267351","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 6th International Conference on Control and Fault-Tolerant Systems (SysTol)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964522863","https://openalex.org/W2096045964","https://openalex.org/W2897250207","https://openalex.org/W3122032019","https://openalex.org/W3136679447","https://openalex.org/W3159579291","https://openalex.org/W3188872815","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4400317689"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,35,58],"Transformer":[4],"encoderbased":[5],"normality":[6],"model":[7],"for":[8,28,94],"the":[9,79],"early":[10,72,100],"detection":[11,60,70,101],"of":[12,71],"gearbox":[13,84],"failures":[14,54,85],"in":[15,88],"wind":[16,51],"turbines":[17],"(WTs),":[18],"utilizing":[19],"Supervisory":[20],"Control":[21],"and":[22,37,46,112],"Data":[23],"Acquisition":[24],"(SCADA)":[25],"operational":[26,114],"data":[27],"predictive":[29,109],"analysis.":[30],"The":[31,75],"proposed":[32,80],"methodology":[33,81],"follows":[34],"pre-training":[36],"fine-tuning":[38],"approach,":[39],"enhancing":[40],"computational":[41,104],"efficiency,":[42],"reducing":[43],"training":[44],"time,":[45],"ensuring":[47],"scalability":[48],"across":[49],"large":[50],"farms.":[52],"Gearbox":[53],"are":[55],"identified":[56],"through":[57],"fault":[59],"indicator":[61],"that":[62,78],"quantifies":[63],"deviations":[64],"from":[65],"normal":[66],"behavior,":[67],"enabling":[68],"precise":[69],"failure":[73],"patterns.":[74],"results":[76],"show":[77],"can":[82],"detect":[83],"several":[86],"months":[87],"advance,":[89],"providing":[90],"valuable":[91],"lead":[92],"time":[93],"preventive":[95],"maintenance.":[96],"By":[97],"combining":[98],"accurate":[99],"with":[102],"low":[103],"cost,":[105],"this":[106],"approach":[107],"strengthens":[108],"maintenance":[110],"strategies":[111],"improves":[113],"reliability.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-12-03T00:00:00"}