{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2549992548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/syseng.2016.7753119","title":"Requirements hierarchy in the responsive and formal design process","display_name":"Requirements hierarchy in the responsive and formal design process","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2549992548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/syseng.2016.7753119","mag":"2549992548"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/syseng.2016.7753119","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/syseng.2016.7753119","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Symposium on Systems Engineering (ISSE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025588019","display_name":"Solomon Gebreyohannes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35777872","display_name":"North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02aze4h65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Solomon Gebreyohannes","raw_affiliation_strings":["NCA & T State University, Greensboro, NC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NCA & T State University, Greensboro, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050237607","display_name":"William Edmonson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3506-957X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35777872","display_name":"North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02aze4h65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Edmonson","raw_affiliation_strings":["NCA & T State University, Greensboro, NC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NCA & T State University, Greensboro, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033817976","display_name":"Albert Esterline","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8774-4456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35777872","display_name":"North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02aze4h65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Albert Esterline","raw_affiliation_strings":["NCA & T State University, Greensboro, NC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NCA & T State University, Greensboro, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091790819","display_name":"Jules Chenou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35777872","display_name":"North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02aze4h65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jules Chenou","raw_affiliation_strings":["NCA & T State University, Greensboro, NC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NCA & T State University, Greensboro, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025588019"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8034,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76016025,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12000","display_name":"Systems Engineering Methodologies and Applications","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12000","display_name":"Systems Engineering Methodologies and Applications","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7475542426109314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstraction","display_name":"Abstraction","score":0.5865122079849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5341269969940186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4842112064361572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4340585470199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.4234033226966858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/requirements-elicitation","display_name":"Requirements elicitation","score":0.4203607141971588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granularity","display_name":"Granularity","score":0.41991671919822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/requirements-engineering","display_name":"Requirements engineering","score":0.4181930720806122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.381680428981781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.25368833541870117}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7475542426109314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.5865122079849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5341269969940186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4842112064361572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4340585470199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4234033226966858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45384764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838667","display_name":"Requirements elicitation","level":4,"score":0.4203607141971588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177774035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1246948","display_name":"Granularity","level":2,"score":0.41991671919822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6604083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376937","display_name":"Requirements engineering","level":3,"score":0.4181930720806122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.381680428981781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.25368833541870117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/syseng.2016.7753119","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/syseng.2016.7753119","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Symposium on Systems Engineering (ISSE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W111034100","https://openalex.org/W1496245333","https://openalex.org/W1534850143","https://openalex.org/W1555881121","https://openalex.org/W1566527251","https://openalex.org/W1662456638","https://openalex.org/W1901911297","https://openalex.org/W1991518376","https://openalex.org/W2006828210","https://openalex.org/W2020013520","https://openalex.org/W2054830285","https://openalex.org/W2099684400","https://openalex.org/W2116634294","https://openalex.org/W2120713972","https://openalex.org/W2122502339","https://openalex.org/W2149056910","https://openalex.org/W2170486381","https://openalex.org/W2407567772","https://openalex.org/W4232450465","https://openalex.org/W4251799386","https://openalex.org/W4300454881","https://openalex.org/W6604578927","https://openalex.org/W6629598483","https://openalex.org/W6664225663","https://openalex.org/W6674752155","https://openalex.org/W6714262077"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2608001814","https://openalex.org/W2062417677","https://openalex.org/W2472769502","https://openalex.org/W2137520080","https://openalex.org/W2757033128","https://openalex.org/W4285801815","https://openalex.org/W2242308721","https://openalex.org/W2181998829","https://openalex.org/W1910988615","https://openalex.org/W1617997706"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Requirements,":[0],"stakeholders'":[1,21],"visions,":[2],"drive":[3],"any":[4],"systems":[5],"engineering":[6],"(SE)":[7],"process.":[8,39,183],"But":[9],"in":[10,230,255],"design":[11,58,157],"process":[12,42,67,158,189],"practices,":[13],"there":[14],"is":[15,53,197,271],"a":[16,50,57,104,113,160,169],"gap":[17],"often":[18],"present":[19],"between":[20,125,223],"visions":[22],"and":[23,63,89,98,117,122,135,204,219,227,235],"requirements":[24,93,116,252],"representation.":[25],"This":[26,196],"limits":[27],"the":[28,31,37,41,61,71,78,85,123,144,156,178,181,187,200,207,214,256,274],"impact":[29],"that":[30,68,221],"stakeholders":[32,72],"can":[33],"provide":[34,49],"input":[35,73],"to":[36,141,272,281],"SE":[38],"Then,":[40],"may":[43],"end":[44],"up":[45],"with":[46,94,133,146,168,241],"errors":[47],"or":[48,162],"product":[51],"which":[52],"unwanted.":[54],"We":[55,246,259],"proposed":[56],"methodology":[59],"called":[60,233],"Responsive":[62],"Formal":[64],"Design":[65],"(RFD)":[66],"directly":[69],"involves":[70],"at":[74],"each":[75],"level":[76,92,111,185,193,251],"of":[77,103,106,108,115,129,151,180,186,194,206,216,244,263],"requirement":[79],"elicitation,":[80],"shows":[81],"its":[82,118,191],"effect":[83],"on":[84],"total":[86],"system":[87],"performance,":[88],"integrates":[90],"high":[91,250],"domain":[95],"specific":[96,164],"considerations":[97],"verifies":[99],"formally.":[100],"It":[101],"consists":[102],"set":[105,114],"levels":[107,128,150,243],"representaion.":[109],"Each":[110,184],"represents":[112],"associated":[119],"models,":[120],"simulations,":[121],"relationship":[124],"them.":[126],"The":[127,138],"representation":[130],"are":[131,253],"related":[132],"refinement":[134,139,182,218],"abstraction":[136],"relations.":[137],"helps":[140],"make":[142],"clear":[143],"connection":[145],"parametric":[147],"considerations.":[148],"As":[149],"RFD":[152,188],"proceed":[153],"towards":[154],"refinement,":[155],"becomes":[159],"local":[161],"discipline":[163],"activity,":[165],"though":[166],"always":[167],"global":[170],"perspective.":[171],"Following":[172],"our":[173,283],"framework,":[174],"this":[175,210],"paper":[176],"presents":[177],"implementation":[179],"has":[190],"own":[192],"granularity.":[195,245],"true":[198],"for":[199],"model,":[201],"logical":[202,237],"representation,":[203],"simulation":[205],"requirements.":[208],"In":[209],"paper,":[211],"we":[212],"define":[213],"pair":[215],"functions,":[217],"abstraction,":[220],"exist":[222],"two":[224],"models":[225,229],"(system":[226],"component":[228],"table":[231],"form":[232],"classifications)":[234],"their":[236],"representations":[238],"(called":[239],"theories)":[240],"different":[242],"also":[247],"show":[248],"how":[249],"interpreted":[254],"refined":[257],"level.":[258],"use":[260],"an":[261],"example":[262],"data":[264],"from":[265],"three":[266],"small":[267],"satellites,":[268],"whose":[269],"goal":[270],"image":[273],"auroral":[275],"ovals":[276],"around":[277],"Earth's":[278],"magnetic":[279],"poles,":[280],"demonstrate":[282],"development.":[284]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
