{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3167481873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/syscon48628.2021.9447146","title":"Extending ISO26262 to an Operationally Complex System","display_name":"Extending ISO26262 to an Operationally Complex System","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3167481873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/syscon48628.2021.9447146","mag":"3167481873"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/syscon48628.2021.9447146","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/syscon48628.2021.9447146","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004988236","display_name":"Jennifer A. Dawson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2357-6283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I917207718","display_name":"Toyota Industries (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0132ebr60","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125472","https://openalex.org/I4210145315","https://openalex.org/I917207718"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768151","display_name":"Toyota Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04fpkc108","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125472","https://openalex.org/I4391768151"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Dawson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toyota Research Institute, Los Altos, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toyota Research Institute, Los Altos, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I917207718","https://openalex.org/I4391768151"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051212309","display_name":"Divya Garikapati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2171-9623"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I917207718","display_name":"Toyota Industries (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0132ebr60","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125472","https://openalex.org/I4210145315","https://openalex.org/I917207718"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768151","display_name":"Toyota Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04fpkc108","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125472","https://openalex.org/I4391768151"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Divya Garikapati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toyota Research Institute, Los Altos, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toyota Research Institute, Los Altos, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I917207718","https://openalex.org/I4391768151"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004988236"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391768151","https://openalex.org/I917207718"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5068,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80265771,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13690","display_name":"Quality and Safety in Healthcare","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3607","display_name":"Medical Laboratory Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6457180976867676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.4917631447315216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.48174595832824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.46171140670776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-safety","display_name":"Functional safety","score":0.42070022225379944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.42007026076316833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.3757934868335724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3723387122154236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24881696701049805}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6457180976867676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.4917631447315216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.48174595832824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.46171140670776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148493468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2646951","display_name":"Functional safety","level":2,"score":0.42070022225379944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.42007026076316833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3757934868335724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3723387122154236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24881696701049805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/syscon48628.2021.9447146","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/syscon48628.2021.9447146","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W182307101","https://openalex.org/W2043518676","https://openalex.org/W2903868693","https://openalex.org/W2984353433","https://openalex.org/W3118743384","https://openalex.org/W4249642666"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382644535","https://openalex.org/W4205326760","https://openalex.org/W2522768275","https://openalex.org/W2352938035","https://openalex.org/W2351672553","https://openalex.org/W2373392303","https://openalex.org/W2765894405","https://openalex.org/W1884735063","https://openalex.org/W4237702205","https://openalex.org/W2372668238"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ISO":[0,123,177],"26262":[1,124,178],"is":[2,78],"a":[3,42,60,76,79,101,114,119,144,159,230],"tailored":[4],"functional":[5],"safety":[6,47],"specification":[7],"for":[8,92],"electrical":[9],"and":[10,25,104,186,220],"electronic":[11],"systems":[12,245],"in":[13,129,167,233],"passenger":[14,17,66],"vehicles.":[15],"Typical":[16],"vehicles":[18,67],"have":[19],"one":[20],"controlling":[21,208],"agent":[22],"(the":[23],"driver)":[24],"typically":[26],"utilize":[27],"simple":[28],"fail-safe":[29],"behaviors":[30,153,173],"to":[31,62,68,87,107,112,121,133,136,157,225,229,242],"notify":[32],"the":[33,50,109,130,168,183,227],"driver":[34,111],"of":[35,53,74,146,201],"significant":[36,138],"system":[37,77,214],"faults,":[38],"such":[39,75,181],"as":[40,182],"activating":[41],"warning":[43],"light.":[44],"Developing":[45],"advanced":[46],"systems,":[48],"with":[49,246],"ultimate":[51],"goal":[52],"achieving":[54],"Level":[55],"5":[56],"autonomy,":[57],"has":[58,83],"created":[59],"need":[61],"develop":[63],"operationally":[64],"complex":[65,244],"test":[69],"self-driving":[70],"technology.":[71],"One":[72],"example":[73],"Dual-Cockpit":[80],"vehicle":[81,228],"that":[82],"been":[84],"specifically":[85],"designed":[86],"enable":[88],"human":[89,110],"factors":[90],"research":[91],"TRI's":[93],"Guardian":[94,97],"system.":[95],"Toyota":[96],"anticipates":[98],"or":[99],"identifies":[100],"pending":[102],"incident":[103],"seamlessly":[105],"intervenes":[106],"assist":[108],"form":[113],"mobility":[115],"teammate.This":[116],"paper":[117],"presents":[118],"methodology":[120,142,238],"leverage":[122],"methodologies,":[125],"which":[126],"are":[127,154,174],"well-established":[128],"automotive":[131],"industry,":[132],"be":[134,240],"able":[135],"handle":[137],"operational":[139,150,164,218,235],"complexity.":[140],"The":[141,170,237],"develops":[143,222],"Concept":[145],"Operations":[147],"(ConOps)":[148],"defining":[149],"modes.":[151],"Vehicle-level":[152],"then":[155],"defined":[156,166],"achieve":[158],"safe":[160,171,231],"state":[161,172,232],"across":[162,216],"all":[163,217],"modes":[165],"ConOps.":[169],"integrated":[175],"into":[176],"work":[179],"products":[180],"HazOp,":[184],"HARA,":[185],"Functional":[187,191],"Safety":[188,192],"Concept,":[189],"including":[190],"Requirements.":[193],"This":[194],"generalized":[195],"methodology:":[196],"1.":[197],"facilitates":[198],"systematic":[199],"analysis":[200],"control":[202],"authority":[203],"arbitrations":[204],"between":[205],"multiple":[206],"independent":[207],"agents,":[209],"2.":[210],"helps":[211],"ensure":[212],"sufficient":[213],"redundancy":[215],"modes,":[219],"3.":[221],"appropriate":[223],"responses":[224],"bring":[226],"each":[234],"mode.":[236],"can":[239],"adapted":[241],"other":[243],"ease.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}