{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2617122853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/syscon.2017.7934773","title":"System-level considerations for modeling space-based quantum key distribution architectures","display_name":"System-level considerations for modeling space-based quantum key distribution architectures","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2617122853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/syscon.2017.7934773","mag":"2617122853"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/syscon.2017.7934773","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/syscon.2017.7934773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306498133","display_name":"2017 Annual IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 Annual IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054909769","display_name":"Logan O. Mailloux","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7034-8083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799950915","display_name":"Wright-Patterson Air Force Base","ror":"https://ror.org/0097e1k27","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2799950915","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55061410","display_name":"U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9f1d95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294991024","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802362820","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Logan O. Mailloux","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799950915","https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087892090","display_name":"Benjamin N. Sargeant","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799950915","display_name":"Wright-Patterson Air Force Base","ror":"https://ror.org/0097e1k27","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2799950915","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55061410","display_name":"U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9f1d95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294991024","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802362820","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin N. Sargeant","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799950915","https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083395017","display_name":"Douglas D. Hodson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2679-2213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799950915","display_name":"Wright-Patterson Air Force Base","ror":"https://ror.org/0097e1k27","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2799950915","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55061410","display_name":"U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9f1d95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294991024","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802362820","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas D. Hodson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799950915","https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078299741","display_name":"Michael R. Grimaila","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8355-7992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799950915","display_name":"Wright-Patterson Air Force Base","ror":"https://ror.org/0097e1k27","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2799950915","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55061410","display_name":"U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9f1d95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294991024","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802362820","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael R. Grimaila","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799950915","https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2768,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51888905,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10490","display_name":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-key-distribution","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","score":0.9452114701271057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6269143223762512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5562969446182251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5517909526824951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-cryptography","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","score":0.5510891675949097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.46232250332832336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3613678514957428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.3480329215526581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3349073827266693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.30991435050964355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon","display_name":"Photon","score":0.3035404682159424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2313109040260315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19246524572372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15243631601333618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-information","display_name":"Quantum information","score":0.11442086100578308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.09276741743087769}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95466800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027298","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","level":3,"score":0.9452114701271057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6269143223762512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5562969446182251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5517909526824951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144901912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471906","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","level":4,"score":0.5510891675949097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.46232250332832336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3613678514957428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.3480329215526581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3349073827266693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.30991435050964355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159317903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198","display_name":"Photon","level":2,"score":0.3035404682159424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2313109040260315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19246524572372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15243631601333618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.11442086100578308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.09276741743087769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/syscon.2017.7934773","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/syscon.2017.7934773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306498133","display_name":"2017 Annual IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 Annual IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502301117","https://openalex.org/W1556909464","https://openalex.org/W1585665690","https://openalex.org/W1603281973","https://openalex.org/W1893597070","https://openalex.org/W1983978562","https://openalex.org/W2004624585","https://openalex.org/W2005631054","https://openalex.org/W2027704516","https://openalex.org/W2049876016","https://openalex.org/W2063519529","https://openalex.org/W2070694402","https://openalex.org/W2097332492","https://openalex.org/W2109394932","https://openalex.org/W2112956363","https://openalex.org/W2118421871","https://openalex.org/W2126840565","https://openalex.org/W2135965613","https://openalex.org/W2152362640","https://openalex.org/W2163338262","https://openalex.org/W2526825238","https://openalex.org/W3023478445","https://openalex.org/W3038067977","https://openalex.org/W3101417425","https://openalex.org/W3111297213","https://openalex.org/W6682458517"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312132309","https://openalex.org/W2916069885","https://openalex.org/W4221147165","https://openalex.org/W4240944159","https://openalex.org/W2147369345","https://openalex.org/W4321151520","https://openalex.org/W4384158840","https://openalex.org/W2903657089","https://openalex.org/W3217264812","https://openalex.org/W4301788372"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quantum":[0],"Key":[1],"Distribution":[2],"(QKD)":[3],"is":[4,75],"a":[5,64,147],"revolutionary":[6],"technology":[7],"which":[8],"leverages":[9],"the":[10,54,57,60,82,89,97,137,151],"laws":[11],"of":[12,34,56,62,85,96,153],"quantum":[13],"mechanics":[14],"to":[15,32,46,71,145],"distribute":[16],"cryptographic":[17],"keying":[18],"material":[19],"between":[20,155],"two":[21],"parties":[22],"with":[23,105],"theoretically":[24],"unconditional":[25],"security.":[26],"Terrestrial":[27],"QKD":[28,69,92,107,128,154],"systems":[29],"are":[30,108],"limited":[31],"distances":[33],"<;200":[35],"km":[36],"in":[37,79],"both":[38],"optical":[39],"fiber":[40],"and":[41,53,101,125,130,139,158],"line-of-sight":[42],"free-space":[43],"configurations":[44],"due":[45],"severe":[47],"losses":[48],"during":[49],"single":[50],"photon":[51],"propagation":[52],"curvature":[55],"Earth.":[58],"Thus,":[59],"feasibility":[61],"fielding":[63],"low":[65],"Earth":[66],"orbit":[67],"(LEO)":[68],"satellite":[70],"overcome":[72],"this":[73,134],"limitation":[74],"being":[76],"explored.":[77],"Moreover,":[78],"August":[80],"2016,":[81],"Chinese":[83],"Academy":[84],"Sciences":[86],"successfully":[87],"launched":[88],"world's":[90],"first":[91],"satellite.":[93],"However,":[94],"many":[95],"practical":[98],"engineering":[99],"performance":[100],"security":[102],"tradeoffs":[103],"associated":[104],"space-based":[106,127],"not":[109],"well":[110],"understood":[111],"for":[112,123,149],"global":[113],"secure":[114],"key":[115],"distribution.":[116],"This":[117],"paper":[118,135],"presents":[119],"several":[120],"system-level":[121],"considerations":[122],"modeling":[124],"studying":[126,150],"architectures":[129],"systems.":[131],"More":[132],"specifically,":[133],"explores":[136],"behaviors":[138],"requirements":[140],"that":[141],"researchers":[142],"must":[143],"examine":[144],"develop":[146],"model":[148],"effectiveness":[152],"LEO":[156],"satellites":[157],"ground":[159],"stations.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}