{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4317928073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssrr56537.2022.10018671","title":"Analysis of the Use of Robots for the Second Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic","display_name":"Analysis of the Use of Robots for the Second Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4317928073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssrr56537.2022.10018671"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ssrr56537.2022.10018671","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ssrr56537.2022.10018671","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics (SSRR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048150326","display_name":"Robin R. Murphy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-4312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robin Murphy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University,Dept of Computer Science and Engineering,College Station,Texas,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University,Dept of Computer Science and Engineering,College Station,Texas,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012469770","display_name":"Amrita Kathasagaram","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amrita Kathasagaram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University,Dept of Computer Science and Engineering,College Station,Texas,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University,Dept of Computer Science and Engineering,College Station,Texas,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021975190","display_name":"Truitt Millican","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Truitt Millican","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University,Dept of Computer Science and Engineering,College Station,Texas,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University,Dept of Computer Science and Engineering,College Station,Texas,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029531111","display_name":"Angela Clendenin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8982-5479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angela Clendenin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health, Texas A&M University,College Station,Texas,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, Texas A&M University,College Station,Texas,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069007830","display_name":"Paula deWitte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1385-7818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paula deWitte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University,Dept of Computer Science and Engineering,College Station,Texas,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University,Dept of Computer Science and Engineering,College Station,Texas,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036763290","display_name":"Jason Moats","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3458-0758"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Moats","raw_affiliation_strings":["TEEX Testing and Innovation Center,Texas A&M Engineering Extension Service College Station,Texas,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TEEX Testing and Innovation Center,Texas A&M Engineering Extension Service College Station,Texas,USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1514412,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"335","last_page":"340"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pandemic","display_name":"Pandemic","score":0.7462506294250488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.6909259557723999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.6896582245826721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.6443557739257812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5913787484169006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.5577570796012878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.5105810761451721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.4460066556930542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-healthcare","display_name":"Public healthcare","score":0.41518017649650574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.3747791051864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.35700297355651855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34767425060272217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.30356544256210327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2598458230495453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20647543668746948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.12676194310188293}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.7462506294250488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6909259557723999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6896582245826721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.6443557739257812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5913787484169006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.5577570796012878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5105810761451721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.4460066556930542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986711855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294308","display_name":"Public healthcare","level":3,"score":0.41518017649650574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3747791051864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.35700297355651855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34767425060272217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30356544256210327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2598458230495453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20647543668746948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.12676194310188293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ssrr56537.2022.10018671","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ssrr56537.2022.10018671","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics (SSRR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971796909","https://openalex.org/W3012780255","https://openalex.org/W3114977466","https://openalex.org/W3118615836","https://openalex.org/W3123946770","https://openalex.org/W3131719100","https://openalex.org/W3135563563","https://openalex.org/W3196986123","https://openalex.org/W3199668880","https://openalex.org/W3204134923","https://openalex.org/W3212269770","https://openalex.org/W4242632540","https://openalex.org/W6787558600","https://openalex.org/W6787815814"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382894326","https://openalex.org/W3035105474","https://openalex.org/W4205698903","https://openalex.org/W4294968941","https://openalex.org/W4390279739","https://openalex.org/W4205413867","https://openalex.org/W3179695362","https://openalex.org/W3087333412","https://openalex.org/W3177646415","https://openalex.org/W3119540162"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"examines":[2],"152":[3,51],"reports":[4],"the":[5,12,17,35,63,87,101,116,126,146,161],"use":[6,82,92,108,123],"of":[7,90,109,128,141,156,164],"robots":[8,110],"explicitly":[9],"due":[10],"to":[11,26,43,65,111,118,124],"COVID-19":[13],"pandemic":[14],"reported":[15],"in":[16,59,68,98,152],"science,":[18],"trade,":[19],"and":[20,32,115,121,130,139,143,158],"press":[21],"from":[22,39,103],"24":[23,40],"Jan":[24,28,41,45],"2021":[25,46],"23":[27,44],"2022":[29],"(Year":[30,47],"2)":[31],"compares":[33],"with":[34],"previously":[36],"published":[37],"uses":[38],"2020":[42],"1).":[48],"Of":[49],"these":[50],"reports,":[52],"80":[53],"were":[54,145],"new":[55,78],"unique":[56],"instances":[57,67,74],"documented":[58],"25":[60],"countries,":[61],"bringing":[62],"total":[64],"420":[66],"52":[69],"countries":[70],"since":[71],"2020.":[72],"The":[73,94],"did":[75],"not":[76],"add":[77],"work":[79,129,149],"domains":[80,150],"or":[81,106],"cases,":[83],"though":[84],"they":[85],"changed":[86],"relative":[88],"ranking":[89],"three":[91,147],"cases.":[93],"most":[95],"notable":[96],"trend":[97],"Year":[99,133,153],"was":[100],"shift":[102],"a)":[104],"government":[105],"institutional":[107],"protect":[112],"healthcare":[113],"workers":[114],"Public":[117,135],"b)":[119],"personal":[120],"business":[122],"enable":[125],"continuity":[127],"education.":[131],"In":[132],"1,":[134],"Safety,":[136],"Clinical":[137],"Care,":[138],"Continuity":[140,155],"Work":[142,157],"Education":[144,159],"highest":[148,162],"but":[151],"2,":[154],"had":[160],"number":[163],"instances.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}