{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3116218883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssrr50563.2020.9292621","title":"Investigating Deep Learning Architectures towards Autonomous Inspection for Marine Classification","display_name":"Investigating Deep Learning Architectures towards Autonomous Inspection for Marine Classification","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3116218883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssrr50563.2020.9292621","mag":"3116218883"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ssrr50563.2020.9292621","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssrr50563.2020.9292621","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics (SSRR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/234118127/Paper_1_pilot_paper.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076781465","display_name":"Rasmus Eckholdt Andersen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5867-193X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rasmus Andersen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Automation and Control, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Automation and Control, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059750726","display_name":"Lazaros Nalpantidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3620-4123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lazaros Nalpantidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Automation and Control, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Automation and Control, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108337101","display_name":"Ole Ravn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2265-0031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ole Ravn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Automation and Control, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Automation and Control, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072394579","display_name":"Evangelos Boukas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9919-5746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evangelos Boukas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Automation and Control, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Automation and Control, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0996,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86416964,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"197","last_page":"204"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12086","display_name":"Structural Integrity and Reliability Analysis","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12086","display_name":"Structural Integrity and Reliability Analysis","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.980400025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.8225643038749695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6992742419242859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6715555191040039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6664726138114929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6135169863700867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5898845791816711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ballast","display_name":"Ballast","score":0.5520881414413452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5242664813995361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4793154001235962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4331062436103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.42891281843185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4048369228839874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23680031299591064}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.8225643038749695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6992742419242859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6715555191040039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6664726138114929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6135169863700867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5898845791816711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125907379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4851537","display_name":"Ballast","level":2,"score":0.5520881414413452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5242664813995361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4793154001235962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4331062436103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.42891281843185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4048369228839874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23680031299591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ssrr50563.2020.9292621","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssrr50563.2020.9292621","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics (SSRR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/0f163578-51c0-4b3b-9c81-0170076f11fc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/0f163578-51c0-4b3b-9c81-0170076f11fc","pdf_url":"https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/234118127/Paper_1_pilot_paper.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400705","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark, DTU Orbit (Technical University of Denmark, DTU)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Denmark","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Andersen , R E , Nalpantidis , L , Ravn , O &amp; Boukas , E 2020 , Investigating Deep Learning Architectures towards Autonomous Inspection for Marine Classification . in Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics . IEEE , pp. 197-204 , 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates , 04/11/2020 . https://doi.org/10.1109/SSRR50563.2020.9292621","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/0f163578-51c0-4b3b-9c81-0170076f11fc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/0f163578-51c0-4b3b-9c81-0170076f11fc","pdf_url":"https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/234118127/Paper_1_pilot_paper.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400705","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark, DTU Orbit (Technical University of Denmark, DTU)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Denmark","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Andersen , R E , Nalpantidis , L , Ravn , O &amp; Boukas , E 2020 , Investigating Deep Learning Architectures towards Autonomous Inspection for Marine Classification . in Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics . IEEE , pp. 197-204 , 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates , 04/11/2020 . https://doi.org/10.1109/SSRR50563.2020.9292621","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3116218883.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3116218883.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W29977002","https://openalex.org/W160718333","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1487195358","https://openalex.org/W1628216682","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1925745898","https://openalex.org/W2028664067","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2341234827","https://openalex.org/W2400231982","https://openalex.org/W2481959316","https://openalex.org/W2555498163","https://openalex.org/W2598457882","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2760745191","https://openalex.org/W2768955070","https://openalex.org/W2782283130","https://openalex.org/W2796347433","https://openalex.org/W2905206541","https://openalex.org/W2905600290","https://openalex.org/W2950777641","https://openalex.org/W2962783329","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2964350391","https://openalex.org/W2985368080","https://openalex.org/W2993182889","https://openalex.org/W3121313009","https://openalex.org/W4240248375","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W6601193176","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6694260854","https://openalex.org/W6750227808","https://openalex.org/W6755682128","https://openalex.org/W6789137285"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W615703558","https://openalex.org/W4401899792","https://openalex.org/W1568915530","https://openalex.org/W2509236690","https://openalex.org/W324132158","https://openalex.org/W1038063934","https://openalex.org/W615792946","https://openalex.org/W2003519569","https://openalex.org/W2463838762","https://openalex.org/W2000276556"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Marine":[0],"vessels":[1],"undergo":[2],"periodic":[3],"inspections":[4,18],"under":[5],"which":[6],"the":[7,10,28,32,59,71,80,108,123,126,145,183,198],"condition":[8,124],"of":[9,16,31,36,61,67,74,110,125,160,182],"vessel":[11],"is":[12,19,39,112],"documented.":[13],"A":[14],"part":[15],"these":[17],"to":[20,40,79,95,102,121,138,196],"detect":[21],"defects":[22,69],"such":[23,85,174],"as":[24,175],"corrosion":[25,111],"that":[26,51,169],"degrade":[27],"structural":[29],"integrity":[30],"vessel.":[33,77,127],"The":[34,114,162],"goal":[35],"this":[37,166],"paper":[38,167],"evaluate":[41],"several":[42],"deep":[43,99],"learning":[44,100],"architectures":[45,146,173],"and":[46,91,141,177],"create":[47],"a":[48,75,93,97,104,150],"hierarchical":[49],"pipeline":[50,94],"best":[52,199],"fits":[53],"an":[54,62,86],"autonomous":[55,87],"inspection":[56],"system,":[57,88],"in":[58,70,165],"form":[60],"unmanned":[63],"aerial":[64],"vehicle,":[65],"capable":[66],"detecting":[68],"ballast":[72,155],"tanks":[73,156],"marine":[76],"Due":[78],"limited":[81],"resources":[82],"available":[83],"on":[84,149],"we":[89],"devised":[90],"tested":[92,133],"use":[96],"smaller":[98],"architecture":[101],"trigger":[103],"larger":[105],"one":[106],"when":[107],"presence":[109],"detected.":[113],"produced":[115],"segmentation":[116,194],"can":[117],"then":[118],"be":[119,197],"used":[120],"compute":[122],"In":[128],"total":[129],"ten":[130],"architectures/combinations":[131],"were":[132,147],"ranging":[134],"from":[135,154,180],"traditional":[136],"classification":[137,190],"object":[139,171],"detection":[140],"instance":[142,193],"segmentation.":[143],"All":[144],"trained":[148],"dataset":[151],"containing":[152],"images":[153],"with":[157],"varying":[158],"degree":[159],"corrosion.":[161],"results":[163],"presented":[164],"show":[168],"regular":[170],"localization":[172],"YOLO":[176],"Faster-RCNN":[178],"suffer":[179],"overestimation":[181],"affected":[184],"corroded":[185],"area.":[186],"Binary":[187],"whole":[188],"image":[189],"followed":[191],"by":[192],"proved":[195],"performing":[200],"pipeline.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
