{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1966157145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssp.2014.6884575","title":"Social signal processing for pain monitoring using a hidden conditional random field","display_name":"Social signal processing for pain monitoring using a hidden conditional random field","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1966157145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssp.2014.6884575","mag":"1966157145"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ssp.2014.6884575","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssp.2014.6884575","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Workshop on Statistical Signal Processing (SSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065910961","display_name":"Afsane Ghasemi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Afsane Ghasemi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image and Video Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology, Australia","Image & Video Lab., Queensland Univ. of Technol., Brisbane, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image and Video Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image & Video Lab., Queensland Univ. of Technol., Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064546565","display_name":"Xinyu Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2318-6912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyu Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image and Video Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology, Australia","Image & Video Lab., Queensland Univ. of Technol., Brisbane, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image and Video Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image & Video Lab., Queensland Univ. of Technol., Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032604032","display_name":"Patrick Lucey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Lucey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image and Video Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology, Australia","Image & Video Lab., Queensland Univ. of Technol., Brisbane, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image and Video Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image & Video Lab., Queensland Univ. of Technol., Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055128383","display_name":"Sridha Sridharan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4316-9001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sridha Sridharan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image and Video Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology, Australia","Image & Video Lab., Queensland Univ. of Technol., Brisbane, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image and Video Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image & Video Lab., Queensland Univ. of Technol., Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034095159","display_name":"Clinton Fookes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8515-6324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clinton Fookes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image and Video Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology, Australia","Image & Video Lab., Queensland Univ. of Technol., Brisbane, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image and Video Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image & Video Lab., Queensland Univ. of Technol., Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0178,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74383224,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"61","last_page":"64"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-random-field","display_name":"Conditional random field","score":0.7333190441131592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5851731300354004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.545799970626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.5345124006271362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.48321664333343506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3964172601699829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3501034379005432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13718077540397644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09579393267631531}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152565575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124538","display_name":"Conditional random field","level":2,"score":0.7333190441131592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5851731300354004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.545799970626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.5345124006271362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.48321664333343506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3964172601699829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3501034379005432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13718077540397644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09579393267631531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ssp.2014.6884575","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssp.2014.6884575","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Workshop on Statistical Signal Processing (SSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310805","display_name":"University of Northern British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/025wzwv46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311526","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090495691","https://openalex.org/W2097804517","https://openalex.org/W2101545465","https://openalex.org/W2106043670","https://openalex.org/W2118640726","https://openalex.org/W2138451337","https://openalex.org/W2148071321","https://openalex.org/W2157760308","https://openalex.org/W2162481513","https://openalex.org/W2165183780","https://openalex.org/W2166087694","https://openalex.org/W2176946773","https://openalex.org/W2545697062","https://openalex.org/W2995034616","https://openalex.org/W4211153864"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2356597680","https://openalex.org/W2093471820","https://openalex.org/W50079190","https://openalex.org/W2114846443","https://openalex.org/W3102147106","https://openalex.org/W2347460059","https://openalex.org/W2111726165","https://openalex.org/W1984858032","https://openalex.org/W2616891703","https://openalex.org/W182104056"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"pain":[1,120],"monitoring":[2],"has":[3],"the":[4,21,46,60,65,73,103,114,117,130],"potential":[5],"to":[6,26,40,101,126],"greatly":[7],"improve":[8,113],"patient":[9],"diagnosis":[10],"and":[11,48,57,92],"outcomes":[12],"by":[13,76],"providing":[14],"a":[15,53,78,95],"continuous":[16],"objective":[17],"measure.":[18],"One":[19],"of":[20,80,110,119],"most":[22],"promising":[23],"methods":[24,112],"is":[25],"do":[27],"this":[28,69],"via":[29],"automatically":[30],"detecting":[31],"facial":[32,81],"expressions.":[33],"However,":[34],"current":[35,127],"approaches":[36],"have":[37],"failed":[38],"due":[39],"their":[41],"inability":[42],"to:":[43],"1)":[44],"integrate":[45],"rigid":[47],"non-rigid":[49],"head":[50],"motion":[51],"into":[52,64],"single":[54],"feature":[55],"representation,":[56],"2)":[58],"incorporate":[59],"salient":[61],"temporal":[62],"patterns":[63],"classification":[66],"stage.":[67],"In":[68],"paper,":[70],"we":[71],"tackle":[72],"first":[74],"problem":[75],"developing":[77],"\u201chistogram":[79],"action":[82],"units\u201d":[83],"representation":[84],"using":[85],"Active":[86],"Appearance":[87],"Model":[88],"(AAM)":[89],"face":[90],"features,":[91],"then":[93],"utilize":[94],"Hidden":[96],"Conditional":[97],"Random":[98],"Field":[99],"(HCRF)":[100],"overcome":[102],"second":[104],"issue.":[105],"We":[106],"show":[107],"that":[108],"both":[109],"these":[111],"performance":[115],"on":[116,129],"task":[118],"detection":[121],"in":[122],"sequence":[123],"level":[124],"compared":[125],"state-of-the-art-methods":[128],"UNBC-McMaster":[131],"Shoulder":[132],"Pain":[133],"Archive.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
