{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391557916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssd58187.2023.10411167","title":"Enhanced U-Net Approach: Semantic Segmentation for Self-Driving Cars Applications","display_name":"Enhanced U-Net Approach: Semantic Segmentation for Self-Driving Cars Applications","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391557916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssd58187.2023.10411167"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ssd58187.2023.10411167","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssd58187.2023.10411167","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 20th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112928252","display_name":"Wijden Bouzidi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166928557","display_name":"University of Monastir","ror":"https://ror.org/00nhtcg76","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166928557"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wijden Bouzidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Monastir,Lab. Electronics & Microelectronics Faculty of Sciences of Monastir,National Engineering School of Monastir,Monastir,Tunisia","National Engineering School of Monastir, Lab. Electronics & Microelectronics Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Monastir,Lab. Electronics & Microelectronics Faculty of Sciences of Monastir,National Engineering School of Monastir,Monastir,Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166928557"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering School of Monastir, Lab. Electronics & Microelectronics Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166928557"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021063011","display_name":"Soulef Bouaafia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0657-6900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166928557","display_name":"University of Monastir","ror":"https://ror.org/00nhtcg76","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166928557"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soulef Bouaafia","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Monastir,Lab. Electronics & Microelectronics Faculty of Sciences of Monastir,Monastir,Tunisia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Monastir,Lab. Electronics & Microelectronics Faculty of Sciences of Monastir,Monastir,Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166928557"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107974337","display_name":"Mohamed Ali Hajjaji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4317-6308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8636806","display_name":"University of Sousse","ror":"https://ror.org/00dmpgj58","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8636806"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166928557","display_name":"University of Monastir","ror":"https://ror.org/00nhtcg76","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166928557"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Ali Hajjaji","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Monastir,Lab. Electronics & Microelectronics Faculty of Sciences of Monastir,Monastir,Tunisia","Higher Institute of Applied Science and Technology of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Monastir,Lab. Electronics & Microelectronics Faculty of Sciences of Monastir,Monastir,Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166928557"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Higher Institute of Applied Science and Technology of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8636806"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077780013","display_name":"Luis M. Bergasa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0087-3077"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis M. Bergasa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alcalá (UAH),Electronics Department,Madrid,Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alcalá (UAH),Electronics Department,Madrid,Spain","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112928252"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166928557"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2469,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55944538,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"387","last_page":"392"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9699000120162964,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6966739892959595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/net","display_name":"Net (polyhedron)","score":0.6908316612243652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.6658248901367188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6294661164283752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.5766506791114807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5496469736099243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.450277715921402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.44890233874320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.43903180956840515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4320881962776184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3579137325286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15753474831581116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11455515027046204}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6966739892959595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14166107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253829","display_name":"Net (polyhedron)","level":2,"score":0.6908316612243652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.6658248901367188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6294661164283752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.5766506791114807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5496469736099243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.450277715921402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.44890233874320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.43903180956840515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4320881962776184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3579137325286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15753474831581116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11455515027046204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ssd58187.2023.10411167","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssd58187.2023.10411167","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 20th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W360623563","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W2171943915","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2555144715","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2762439315","https://openalex.org/W2912551914","https://openalex.org/W2963136578","https://openalex.org/W2963418739","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2981524957","https://openalex.org/W3027858719","https://openalex.org/W3040318838","https://openalex.org/W3096947210","https://openalex.org/W3172265425","https://openalex.org/W4206122998","https://openalex.org/W4287660682","https://openalex.org/W4293406525","https://openalex.org/W6612134913","https://openalex.org/W6717372056","https://openalex.org/W6784075383"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2383111961","https://openalex.org/W2365952365","https://openalex.org/W2352448290","https://openalex.org/W2380820513","https://openalex.org/W2913146933","https://openalex.org/W2372385138","https://openalex.org/W4296359239","https://openalex.org/W2101155126","https://openalex.org/W2043093291","https://openalex.org/W2363545964"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Semantic":[0],"segmentation":[1,42],"is":[2,16,47],"a":[3,55,135,141,158],"crucial":[4],"task":[5],"for":[6,43],"the":[7,33,44,76,79,94,102,107,110,116,123,146,154],"development":[8],"of":[9,36,78,122,137,143],"autonomous":[10],"vehicles.":[11],"Autonomous":[12],"Driving":[13],"(AD)":[14],"stack":[15],"mainly":[17],"classified":[18],"into":[19],"three":[20],"subsystems,":[21],"which":[22],"are":[23,97,126],"respectively":[24],"control,":[25],"planning,":[26],"and":[27,68,115,130,140,163],"perception.":[28],"This":[29,52],"work":[30],"deals":[31],"with":[32,106],"perception":[34],"subsystem":[35],"AD":[37,45],"systems.":[38],"Indeed,":[39],"on-road":[40],"semantic":[41],"systems":[46],"addressed":[48],"using":[49],"deep-learning":[50],"algorithms.":[51],"paper":[53],"proposes":[54],"deep":[56],"learning":[57],"approach":[58],"based":[59],"on":[60,101,145],"an":[61],"enhanced":[62],"U-Net":[63,87,108,156],"model":[64,125],"that":[65,153],"exploits":[66],"squeeze":[67],"excitation":[69],"(SE)":[70],"networks.":[71],"In":[72,91],"order":[73],"to":[74,85],"demonstrate":[75],"efficiency":[77],"added":[80],"SE":[81],"blocks,":[82],"we":[83],"opted":[84],"use":[86],"as":[88],"our":[89],"baseline.":[90],"these":[92],"experiments,":[93],"two":[95],"models":[96],"trained":[98],"from":[99],"scratch":[100],"CamVid":[103,147],"dataset.":[104,148],"Compared":[105],"baseline,":[109],"mean":[111,117],"class":[112],"accuracy":[113,162],"(mCA)":[114],"intersection":[118],"over":[119],"union":[120],"(mIoU)":[121],"proposed":[124],"increased":[127],"by":[128],"5.54%":[129],"5.87%,":[131],"respectively.":[132],"It":[133],"achieves":[134],"mIoU":[136],"59.88":[138],"%":[139],"mCA":[142],"84.15%":[144],"The":[149],"achieved":[150],"results":[151],"reveal":[152],"improved":[155],"reaches":[157],"better":[159],"compromise":[160],"between":[161],"computational":[164],"complexity":[165],"than":[166],"previous":[167],"studies.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}