{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4207022826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssci50451.2021.9660177","title":"Bias and Fairness in Computer Vision Applications of the Criminal Justice System","display_name":"Bias and Fairness in Computer Vision Applications of the Criminal Justice System","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4207022826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssci50451.2021.9660177"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ssci50451.2021.9660177","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssci50451.2021.9660177","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604921","display_name":"2021 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2208.03209","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017159697","display_name":"Sophie Noiret","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4895-0086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sophie Noiret","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vienna University of Technology,Computer Vision Lab,Vienna,Austria","Computer Vision Lab, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vienna University of Technology,Computer Vision Lab,Vienna,Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Lab, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011253247","display_name":"Jennifer Lumetzberger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Lumetzberger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vienna University of Technology,Computer Vision Lab,Vienna,Austria","Computer Vision Lab, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vienna University of Technology,Computer Vision Lab,Vienna,Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Lab, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081324708","display_name":"Martin Kampel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5217-2854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Kampel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vienna University of Technology,Computer Vision Lab,Vienna,Austria","Computer Vision Lab, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vienna University of Technology,Computer Vision Lab,Vienna,Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Lab, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2757,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86360893,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9621999859809875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subject","display_name":"Subject (documents)","score":0.6690438985824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6503536105155945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-justice","display_name":"Criminal justice","score":0.5979002714157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.586406946182251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-justice","display_name":"Economic Justice","score":0.5081658363342285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.40444910526275635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminology","display_name":"Criminology","score":0.36884427070617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35551637411117554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.34753626585006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2895943522453308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.26241007447242737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.19363728165626526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.15492579340934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12007144093513489}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.6690438985824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6503536105155945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102587632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117488","display_name":"Criminal justice","level":2,"score":0.5979002714157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.586406946182251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.5081658363342285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.40444910526275635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.36884427070617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35551637411117554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.34753626585006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2895943522453308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.26241007447242737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.19363728165626526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.15492579340934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12007144093513489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ssci50451.2021.9660177","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssci50451.2021.9660177","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604921","display_name":"2021 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2208.03209","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2208.03209","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2208.03209","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2208.03209","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2208.03209","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2208.03209","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1791009288","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"878730","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323031","funder_display_name":"\u00d6sterreichische Forschungsf\u00f6rderungsgesellschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4823772972","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"861091","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311627","funder_display_name":"International Transplant Nurses Society"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311627","display_name":"International Transplant Nurses Society","ror":"https://ror.org/01nhct278"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323031","display_name":"\u00d6sterreichische Forschungsf\u00f6rderungsgesellschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/028jc0449"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515490832","https://openalex.org/W1797462816","https://openalex.org/W1819662813","https://openalex.org/W1978642336","https://openalex.org/W2006447892","https://openalex.org/W2014352947","https://openalex.org/W2017764290","https://openalex.org/W2083685419","https://openalex.org/W2089774253","https://openalex.org/W2293670510","https://openalex.org/W2529251251","https://openalex.org/W2529670628","https://openalex.org/W2584805976","https://openalex.org/W2599025709","https://openalex.org/W2787345062","https://openalex.org/W2788481061","https://openalex.org/W2800068874","https://openalex.org/W2804815760","https://openalex.org/W2806366847","https://openalex.org/W2906540649","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2980688251","https://openalex.org/W2983627482","https://openalex.org/W2996197984","https://openalex.org/W3001319889","https://openalex.org/W3003414869","https://openalex.org/W3039403315","https://openalex.org/W3047648620","https://openalex.org/W3092541244","https://openalex.org/W3094239814","https://openalex.org/W3101298150","https://openalex.org/W3125627650","https://openalex.org/W3131567681","https://openalex.org/W3157652090","https://openalex.org/W3160576775","https://openalex.org/W3176768410","https://openalex.org/W3180969989","https://openalex.org/W3184845774","https://openalex.org/W4232646084","https://openalex.org/W4236524434","https://openalex.org/W4288083803","https://openalex.org/W4288101946","https://openalex.org/W4386094675","https://openalex.org/W6638163445","https://openalex.org/W6638208828","https://openalex.org/W6696973050","https://openalex.org/W6723832705","https://openalex.org/W6728137647","https://openalex.org/W6748382702","https://openalex.org/W6752089009","https://openalex.org/W6769845352","https://openalex.org/W6784237880","https://openalex.org/W6799217142"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4226225858","https://openalex.org/W3093286484","https://openalex.org/W2043527794","https://openalex.org/W2089396529","https://openalex.org/W1632022533","https://openalex.org/W2093410162","https://openalex.org/W4396217017","https://openalex.org/W2033004322","https://openalex.org/W2075087602","https://openalex.org/W52776281"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Discriminatory":[0],"practices":[1,77],"involving":[2],"AI":[3],"-driven":[4],"police":[5],"work":[6],"have":[7,51,78],"been":[8,52],"the":[9,15,35,38,53,83],"subject":[10,54],"of":[11,29,40,55,59],"much":[12],"controversies":[13],"in":[14,42,46,48,85,94],"past":[16],"few":[17],"years,":[18],"with":[19],"algorithms":[20],"such":[21],"as":[22],"COMPAS,":[23],"PredPol":[24],"and":[25,45,82,104],"ShotSpotter":[26],"being":[27],"accused":[28],"unfairly":[30],"impacting":[31],"minority":[32],"groups.":[33],"At":[34],"same":[36],"time,":[37],"issues":[39],"fairness":[41,103],"machine":[43],"learning,":[44],"particular":[47],"computer":[49],"vision,":[50],"a":[56],"growing":[57],"number":[58],"academic":[60],"works.":[61],"In":[62],"this":[63],"paper,":[64],"we":[65],"examine":[66,90],"how":[67,75,105],"these":[68,76],"area":[69],"intersect.":[70],"We":[71,88],"provide":[72],"information":[73],"on":[74],"come":[79],"to":[80,96,102],"exist":[81],"difficulties":[84],"alleviating":[86],"them.":[87],"then":[89],"three":[91],"applications":[92],"currently":[93],"development":[95],"understand":[97],"what":[98],"risks":[99,107],"they":[100],"pose":[101],"those":[106],"can":[108],"be":[109],"mitigated.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
