{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4207037372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssci50451.2021.9660126","title":"Comparing Autonomic Physiological and Electroencephalography Features for VR Sickness Detection Using Predictive Models","display_name":"Comparing Autonomic Physiological and Electroencephalography Features for VR Sickness Detection Using Predictive Models","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4207037372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssci50451.2021.9660126"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ssci50451.2021.9660126","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssci50451.2021.9660126","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604921","display_name":"2021 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/55097.html>","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100438706","display_name":"Gang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-7445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019517460","display_name":"Ogechi Onuoha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ogechi Onuoha","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051866237","display_name":"Mark McGill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8333-5687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark McGill","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016893285","display_name":"Stephen Brewster","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9720-3899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Brewster","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012945041","display_name":"Chao Ping Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-4304"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Ping Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054643754","display_name":"Frank Pollick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7212-4622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Pollick","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0641,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87073609,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.9796000123023987,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.7668335437774658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.6585508584976196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulator-sickness","display_name":"Simulator sickness","score":0.5793725252151489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5557020306587219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-sickness","display_name":"Motion sickness","score":0.5490765571594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5154081583023071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forehead","display_name":"Forehead","score":0.5040756464004517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate-variability","display_name":"Heart rate variability","score":0.4843812882900238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherence","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","score":0.4526989758014679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3600912094116211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.27094829082489014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate","display_name":"Heart rate","score":0.2561725378036499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.19027841091156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-pressure","display_name":"Blood pressure","score":0.12790071964263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.12479287385940552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.0845288336277008}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.7668335437774658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.6585508584976196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776872670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2288542","display_name":"Simulator sickness","level":3,"score":0.5793725252151489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5557020306587219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779336972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309067","display_name":"Motion sickness","level":2,"score":0.5490765571594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5154081583023071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780446394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41055","display_name":"Forehead","level":2,"score":0.5040756464004517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71635504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933954","display_name":"Heart rate variability","level":4,"score":0.4843812882900238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.4526989758014679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3600912094116211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.27094829082489014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.2561725378036499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.19027841091156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.12790071964263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.12479287385940552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0845288336277008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ssci50451.2021.9660126","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssci50451.2021.9660126","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604921","display_name":"2021 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:256772","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/55097.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:256772","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/55097.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329157","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 ta' Malta","ror":"https://ror.org/03a62bv60"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1209748798","https://openalex.org/W1728842521","https://openalex.org/W1989010592","https://openalex.org/W1996704731","https://openalex.org/W2032456459","https://openalex.org/W2078346039","https://openalex.org/W2107998827","https://openalex.org/W2156269962","https://openalex.org/W2156866580","https://openalex.org/W2170530036","https://openalex.org/W2321946377","https://openalex.org/W2466233356","https://openalex.org/W2804319895","https://openalex.org/W2968654507","https://openalex.org/W3011738726","https://openalex.org/W3015656611","https://openalex.org/W3024264445","https://openalex.org/W3080766932","https://openalex.org/W3112408997","https://openalex.org/W3121341997","https://openalex.org/W3147407249","https://openalex.org/W3193036904","https://openalex.org/W6637572315","https://openalex.org/W6799419243"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961476255","https://openalex.org/W2126995779","https://openalex.org/W3148416058","https://openalex.org/W4309330287","https://openalex.org/W2899734378","https://openalex.org/W4383334087","https://openalex.org/W4236824365","https://openalex.org/W2782892168","https://openalex.org/W4239671680","https://openalex.org/W1555005593"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"How":[0],"the":[1,38,53,70,81],"performance":[2],"of":[3,37,73,77,91],"autonomic":[4,48],"physiological,":[5],"and":[6,59],"human":[7],"vestibular":[8],"network":[9],"(HVN)-based":[10],"brain":[11],"functional":[12],"connectivity":[13],"(BFC)":[14],"features":[15,50,67,106],"differ":[16],"in":[17,80,101],"a":[18,89],"virtual":[19],"reality":[20],"(VR)":[21],"sickness":[22,84],"classification":[23],"task":[24],"is":[25],"underexplored.":[26],"Therefore,":[27],"this":[28,102],"paper":[29],"presents":[30],"an":[31],"artificial":[32],"intelligence":[33],"(AI)-aided":[34],"comparative":[35],"study":[36],"two.":[39],"Results":[40],"from":[41],"different":[42],"AI":[43,121],"models":[44],"all":[45],"show":[46],"that":[47],"physiological":[49],"represented":[51,68],"by":[52,69],"combined":[54],"heart":[55],"rate,":[56],"fingertip":[57],"temperature":[58,61],"forehead":[60],"are":[62],"superior":[63],"to":[64],"HVN-based":[65],"BFC":[66],"phase-locking":[71],"values":[72],"inter-electrode":[74],"coherence":[75],"(IEC)":[76],"electroencephalogram":[78],"(EEG)":[79],"same":[82],"VR":[83],"condition":[85],"(that":[86],"is,":[87],"as":[88],"result":[90],"experiencing":[92],"tunnel":[93],"travel-induced":[94],"illusory":[95],"self-motion":[96],"(vection)":[97],"about":[98],"moving":[99],"in-depth":[100],"study).":[103],"Regarding":[104],"EEG":[105],"per":[107],"se":[108],"(IEC-BFC":[109],"vs":[110],"traditional":[111],"power":[112],"spectrum),":[113],"we":[114],"did":[115],"not":[116],"find":[117],"much":[118],"difference":[119],"across":[120],"models.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}