{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3216529239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssci50451.2021.9659933","title":"An Adaptive Evolutionary Algorithm for Bi- Level Multi-objective VRPs with Real-Time Traffic Conditions","display_name":"An Adaptive Evolutionary Algorithm for Bi- Level Multi-objective VRPs with Real-Time Traffic Conditions","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3216529239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssci50451.2021.9659933","mag":"3216529239"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ssci50451.2021.9659933","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssci50451.2021.9659933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604921","display_name":"2021 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/6675967","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040398268","display_name":"Baojian Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5933-1141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Baojian Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation China, Univsersity of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation China, Univsersity of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021519344","display_name":"Changhe Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4409-956X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changhe Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation China, Univsersity of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation China, Univsersity of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035980405","display_name":"Sanyou Zeng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanyou Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040583251","display_name":"Shengxiang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7222-4917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66943878","display_name":"De Montfort University","ror":"https://ror.org/0312pnr83","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengxiang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Informatics, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Informatics, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078937916","display_name":"Michalis Mavrovouniotis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5281-4175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34771391","display_name":"University of Cyprus","ror":"https://ror.org/02qjrjx09","country_code":"CY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]}],"countries":["CY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michalis Mavrovouniotis","raw_affiliation_strings":["KIOS Research and Innovation Center of Excellence, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KIOS Research and Innovation Center of Excellence, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040398268"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8847,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70579268,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-routing-problem","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","score":0.8561615347862244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6097236275672913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5973680019378662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.5199028849601746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5096654891967773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5083848834037781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.4516989588737488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backpropagation","display_name":"Backpropagation","score":0.4396911859512329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.43041902780532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.4298579692840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-search","display_name":"Local search (optimization)","score":0.4100492298603058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.36281466484069824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20390188694000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18828344345092773}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123784306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944041","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","level":3,"score":0.8561615347862244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6097236275672913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5973680019378662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5199028849601746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5096654891967773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5083848834037781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.4516989588737488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155032097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798503","display_name":"Backpropagation","level":3,"score":0.4396911859512329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.43041902780532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.4298579692840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135320971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1868524","display_name":"Local search (optimization)","level":2,"score":0.4100492298603058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.36281466484069824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20390188694000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18828344345092773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ssci50451.2021.9659933","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssci50451.2021.9659933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604921","display_name":"2021 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:6675967","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/6675967","pdf_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/6675967","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dora.dmu.ac.uk:2086/21491","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2086/21491","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400394","display_name":"DMU Open Research Archive (De Montfort University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66943878","host_organization_name":"De Montfort University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ktisis.cut.ac.cy:20.500.14279/30820","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14279/30820","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400897","display_name":"Ktisis at Cyprus University of Technology (Cyprus University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I163151358","host_organization_name":"Cyprus University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163151358"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:6675967","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/6675967","pdf_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/6675967","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4130702159","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62076226","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3216529239.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3216529239.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988242784","https://openalex.org/W1999406036","https://openalex.org/W2035546682","https://openalex.org/W2069973745","https://openalex.org/W2081230102","https://openalex.org/W2088073762","https://openalex.org/W2111563176","https://openalex.org/W2111581650","https://openalex.org/W2126207702","https://openalex.org/W2262246802","https://openalex.org/W2562801040","https://openalex.org/W2579361096","https://openalex.org/W2906524907","https://openalex.org/W3000021816","https://openalex.org/W3028700500","https://openalex.org/W6757425174"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4239286941","https://openalex.org/W2088845016","https://openalex.org/W589102260","https://openalex.org/W2018691209","https://openalex.org/W1966421350","https://openalex.org/W4312143452","https://openalex.org/W1863534956","https://openalex.org/W2128396103","https://openalex.org/W1868434454","https://openalex.org/W2078544498"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,56],"research":[1],"of":[2,134],"vehicle":[3],"routing":[4,39],"problem":[5,40],"(VRP)":[6],"is":[7,46,61],"significant":[8],"for":[9,68],"people":[10],"traveling":[11],"and":[12,99,114,141],"logistics":[13,53],"distribution.":[14],"Recently,":[15],"in":[16,72],"order":[17],"to":[18,63,102],"alleviate":[19],"global":[20],"warming,":[21],"the":[22,51,65,70,132,135,146],"VRP":[23,136],"based":[24,42,82],"on":[25,43,83],"electric":[26,44],"vehicles":[27,45],"has":[28],"attracted":[29],"much":[30],"attention":[31],"from":[32],"researchers.":[33],"In":[34,90],"this":[35,91],"paper,":[36],"a":[37,78,84,109],"bi-level":[38],"model":[41],"presented,":[47],"which":[48],"can":[49,124,130],"simulate":[50],"actual":[52],"distribution":[54],"process.":[55],"classic":[57],"backpropagation":[58],"neural":[59],"network":[60],"used":[62],"predict":[64],"road":[66],"conditions":[67,140],"applying":[69],"method":[71],"real":[73],"life.":[74],"We":[75,106],"also":[76,107],"propose":[77],"local":[79,94],"search":[80,95],"algorithm":[81,113,123],"dynamic":[85],"constrained":[86],"multiobjective":[87],"optimization":[88],"framework.":[89],"algorithm,":[92],"26":[93],"operators":[96],"are":[97],"designed":[98],"selected":[100],"adaptively":[101],"optimize":[103],"initial":[104],"solutions.":[105],"make":[108],"comparison":[110],"between":[111],"our":[112,122],"3":[115,148],"modified":[116,149],"algorithms.":[117,150],"Experimental":[118],"results":[119],"indicate":[120],"that":[121,129],"attain":[125],"an":[126],"excellent":[127],"solution":[128],"satisfy":[131],"constraints":[133],"with":[137],"real-time":[138],"traffic":[139],"be":[142],"more":[143],"competitive":[144],"than":[145],"other":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
