{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3118897201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssci47803.2020.9308260","title":"Interpretable Machine Learning Tools: A Survey","display_name":"Interpretable Machine Learning Tools: A Survey","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3118897201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssci47803.2020.9308260","mag":"3118897201"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ssci47803.2020.9308260","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssci47803.2020.9308260","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103819914","display_name":"Namita Agarwal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94658018","display_name":"University of Memphis","ror":"https://ror.org/01cq23130","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Namita Agarwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101694872","display_name":"Saikat Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1142-8259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94658018","display_name":"University of Memphis","ror":"https://ror.org/01cq23130","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saikat Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3328,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":79,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95370739,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1528","last_page":"1534"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8315984010696411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.7330987453460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.6858851313591003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6744666695594788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.6713649034500122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accountability","display_name":"Accountability","score":0.5480102896690369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.42524251341819763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","score":0.4231048822402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3960467278957367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3900555670261383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.18593275547027588}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8315984010696411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.7330987453460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.6858851313591003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6744666695594788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.6713649034500122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.5480102896690369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.42524251341819763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4231048822402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3960467278957367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3900555670261383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.18593275547027588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ssci47803.2020.9308260","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssci47803.2020.9308260","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480376833","https://openalex.org/W1678356000","https://openalex.org/W1787224781","https://openalex.org/W2113882472","https://openalex.org/W2125847307","https://openalex.org/W2164878629","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2564414379","https://openalex.org/W2768348081","https://openalex.org/W2781844902","https://openalex.org/W2786693279","https://openalex.org/W2788403449","https://openalex.org/W2806874342","https://openalex.org/W2810511505","https://openalex.org/W2910149781","https://openalex.org/W2962862931","https://openalex.org/W2963276306","https://openalex.org/W2963852406","https://openalex.org/W2972059645","https://openalex.org/W2973631113","https://openalex.org/W2979590797","https://openalex.org/W2980102258","https://openalex.org/W3006579283","https://openalex.org/W3080798771","https://openalex.org/W3102476541","https://openalex.org/W3121410165","https://openalex.org/W3126041148","https://openalex.org/W4249116198","https://openalex.org/W4293507378","https://openalex.org/W4294541781","https://openalex.org/W6676885637","https://openalex.org/W6730804571","https://openalex.org/W6737947904","https://openalex.org/W6745609711","https://openalex.org/W6748426178","https://openalex.org/W6748744355","https://openalex.org/W6752336104","https://openalex.org/W6766726207","https://openalex.org/W6767857164","https://openalex.org/W6767991262","https://openalex.org/W6768890437","https://openalex.org/W6789330027"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2494121465","https://openalex.org/W4377233172","https://openalex.org/W1854749775","https://openalex.org/W4312971597","https://openalex.org/W2129556718","https://openalex.org/W1970818898","https://openalex.org/W2350665531","https://openalex.org/W2906160980","https://openalex.org/W2154949144","https://openalex.org/W3199802296"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,36],"recent":[1],"years":[2],"machine":[3,66,109],"learning":[4,67,110],"(ML)":[5],"systems":[6],"have":[7],"been":[8],"deployed":[9],"extensively":[10],"in":[11,22,96,128],"various":[12,129],"domains.":[13],"But":[14],"most":[15],"MLbased":[16],"frameworks":[17],"lack":[18],"transparency.":[19],"To":[20],"believe":[21],"ML":[23,34,56],"models,":[24],"an":[25],"individual":[26],"needs":[27],"to":[28,90],"understand":[29,51],"the":[30,33,52,55,74,84,97,105,122],"reasons":[31],"behind":[32],"predictions.":[35],"this":[37],"paper,":[38],"we":[39,103],"provide":[40,104],"a":[41,62,87,115,118],"survey":[42],"of":[43,54,64,86,107,121,124],"open-source":[44],"software":[45],"tools":[46,60,127],"that":[47,69],"help":[48],"explore":[49],"and":[50,78,94,117],"behavior":[53],"models.":[57],"Also,":[58],"these":[59],"include":[61],"variety":[63],"interpretable":[65,108],"methods":[68],"assist":[70],"people":[71],"with":[72,114],"understanding":[73],"connection":[75],"between":[76],"input":[77],"output":[79],"variables":[80],"through":[81],"interpretation,":[82],"validate":[83],"decision":[85,99],"predictive":[88],"model":[89],"enable":[91],"lucidity,":[92],"accountability,":[93],"fairness":[95],"algorithmic":[98],"making":[100],"policies.":[101],"Furthermore,":[102],"state-of-the-art":[106],"(IML)":[111],"tools,":[112],"along":[113],"comparison":[116],"brief":[119],"discussion":[120],"implementation":[123],"those":[125],"IML":[126],"programming":[130],"languages.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T17:40:00.097472","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}