{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2913033828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssci.2018.8628881","title":"Real-time and Robust Driver Yawning Detection with Deep Neural Networks","display_name":"Real-time and Robust Driver Yawning Detection with Deep Neural Networks","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2913033828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssci.2018.8628881","mag":"2913033828"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ssci.2018.8628881","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssci.2018.8628881","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037546959","display_name":"Yongquan Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7458-5617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongquan Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076099962","display_name":"Kexun Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kexun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054035359","display_name":"Yi Lu Murphey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0501-8002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Lu Murphey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0248,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88043818,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"532","last_page":"538"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12006","display_name":"Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9509000182151794,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7982230186462402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7865296602249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6795632243156433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.5185049772262573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.4946117103099823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.44436344504356384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.4367191791534424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4339161217212677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4204004406929016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4187874495983124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.4012010991573334}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7982230186462402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7865296602249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6795632243156433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.5185049772262573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.4946117103099823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.44436344504356384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4367191791534424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4339161217212677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4204004406929016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4187874495983124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.4012010991573334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ssci.2018.8628881","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssci.2018.8628881","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W116278252","https://openalex.org/W1501601450","https://openalex.org/W1613465282","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1799366690","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W2005749985","https://openalex.org/W2090373199","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2101956459","https://openalex.org/W2120598715","https://openalex.org/W2144506857","https://openalex.org/W2150931745","https://openalex.org/W2172717914","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2272340902","https://openalex.org/W2605351369","https://openalex.org/W2738749209","https://openalex.org/W2783325922","https://openalex.org/W2785509179","https://openalex.org/W2794055647","https://openalex.org/W2802132828","https://openalex.org/W2949117887","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6638444622","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6736193500","https://openalex.org/W6747334821"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2949096641","https://openalex.org/W2970686063","https://openalex.org/W4320729701","https://openalex.org/W3034745255","https://openalex.org/W4254103348","https://openalex.org/W2336272890","https://openalex.org/W4308999381","https://openalex.org/W3183843611","https://openalex.org/W4312238398","https://openalex.org/W3211418293"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Yawning":[0],"is":[1,38,144],"an":[2],"important":[3],"indicator":[4],"of":[5,14,25,69,111,193,214,226],"drivers'":[6],"drowsiness":[7],"or":[8],"fatigue.":[9],"Techniques":[10],"for":[11,20,97],"automatic":[12],"detection":[13,127,188],"driver's":[15,32],"yawning":[16,33,89,98,126,130,164,178,187,195,228],"have":[17],"been":[18,159],"developed":[19],"use":[21],"as":[22,48,92,94,114,170,172,240],"a":[23,40,56,76,101,109,173],"component":[24],"driver":[26,49,59],"fatigue":[27,50],"monitoring":[28],"system.":[29],"However,":[30],"detecting":[31,194],"event":[34],"accurately":[35],"in":[36,43,45,55,63,148,197],"real-time":[37],"still":[39],"challenging":[41,177],"task,":[42],"particular":[44],"applications":[46],"such":[47,113,239],"detection,":[51,117],"illumination":[52],"conditions":[53],"vary":[54,62],"broad":[57],"range,":[58],"facial":[60,139],"features":[61],"size,":[64],"shape,":[65],"texture":[66],"and":[67,85,120,152,168,217,242],"degrees":[68],"distortion.":[70],"In":[71,219],"this":[72],"paper,":[73],"we":[74],"present":[75],"deep":[77],"neural":[78],"network":[79],"model":[80,222],"built":[81],"using":[82],"transfer":[83],"learning":[84,87],"sequential":[86],"from":[88,133,205,232],"video":[90,134],"clips":[91],"well":[93,171,231],"augmented":[95],"images":[96,135],"detection.":[99],"As":[100],"result,":[102],"unlike":[103],"many":[104],"other":[105],"methods":[106],"that":[107,184],"follow":[108],"sequence":[110],"processes":[112],"face":[115,202],"ROI":[116],"eye/nose/mouth":[118],"positioning":[119],"mouth":[121,236],"open/close":[122],"determination,":[123],"the":[124,185,191,221,224,233],"proposed":[125,186],"system":[128,143,157,189],"detect":[129],"events":[131,196,229],"directly":[132],"without":[136],"requiring":[137],"any":[138],"part":[140],"positions.":[141],"The":[142,156,180],"robust":[145],"to":[146,208],"variations":[147],"object":[149],"scales,":[150],"positions":[151],"subject":[153],"view":[154],"angles.":[155],"has":[158,190],"evaluated":[160],"on":[161],"publicly":[162],"available":[163],"data":[165,174],"sets,":[166],"YawDD":[167],"NTHU-DDD,":[169],"set":[175],"containing":[176],"videos.":[179],"experimental":[181],"results":[182],"show":[183],"capability":[192,213,225],"high":[198],"precision":[199],"even":[200],"when":[201],"turns":[203],"away":[204],"camera":[206],"up":[207],"70":[209],"degrees,":[210],"while":[211],"exhibiting":[212],"being":[215],"scale-":[216],"spatial-invariant.":[218],"addition,":[220],"demonstrates":[223],"discriminating":[227],"very":[230],"actions":[234],"involving":[235],"opening-closing":[237],"motions":[238],"talking":[241],"laughing.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}