{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2588961594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssci.2016.7850175","title":"An FPGA-based hardware-efficient fault-tolerant astrocyte-neuron network","display_name":"An FPGA-based hardware-efficient fault-tolerant astrocyte-neuron network","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2588961594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssci.2016.7850175","mag":"2588961594"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ssci.2016.7850175","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssci.2016.7850175","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/publications/0bb2e54b-b6c9-43f6-8a2c-d1325d8ee7ed","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012947651","display_name":"Anju P. Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7017-1644"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anju P. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, University of York, York, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, University of York, York, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026981278","display_name":"David M. Halliday","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9957-0983"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David M. Halliday","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, University of York, York, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, University of York, York, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031341828","display_name":"Alan G. Millard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4424-5953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan G. Millard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, University of York, York, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, University of York, York, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048789717","display_name":"Andy M. Tyrrell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8533-2404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andy M. Tyrrell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, University of York, York, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, University of York, York, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080582720","display_name":"Jon Timmis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1055-0471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jon Timmis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, University of York, York, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, University of York, York, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044091027","display_name":"Junxiu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9790-1571"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junxiu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Intelligent Systems, Ulster University, Derry, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Intelligent Systems, Ulster University, Derry, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059141312","display_name":"Jim Harkin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7484-8205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jim Harkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Intelligent Systems, Ulster University, Derry, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Intelligent Systems, Ulster University, Derry, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035500696","display_name":"Liam McDaid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1197-4375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liam McDaid","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Intelligent Systems, Ulster University, Derry, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Intelligent Systems, Ulster University, Derry, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039683485","display_name":"Shvan Karim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shvan Karim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Intelligent Systems, Ulster University, Derry, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Intelligent Systems, Ulster University, Derry, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012947651"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8363,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85167171,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.8056756258010864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6850466132164001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.6599615812301636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrocyte","display_name":"Astrocyte","score":0.6054282188415527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realization","display_name":"Realization (probability)","score":0.527296781539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5229623913764954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuron","display_name":"Neuron","score":0.5221134424209595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4859703779220581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolvable-hardware","display_name":"Evolvable hardware","score":0.42582860589027405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.38006192445755005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.22580668330192566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.15799793601036072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-nervous-system","display_name":"Central nervous system","score":0.06413784623146057}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.8056756258010864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6850466132164001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.6599615812301636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777542381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502961","display_name":"Astrocyte","level":3,"score":0.6054282188415527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.527296781539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5229623913764954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778794669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43054","display_name":"Neuron","level":2,"score":0.5221134424209595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4859703779220581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776243922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5418727","display_name":"Evolvable hardware","level":3,"score":0.42582860589027405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.38006192445755005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.22580668330192566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.15799793601036072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.06413784623146057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ssci.2016.7850175","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssci.2016.7850175","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/0bb2e54b-b6c9-43f6-8a2c-d1325d8ee7ed","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/publications/0bb2e54b-b6c9-43f6-8a2c-d1325d8ee7ed","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402454","display_name":"Ulster University Research Portal (Ulster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","host_organization_name":"University of Ulster","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Johnson, A P, Halliday, D M, Tyrrell, A M, Millard, A G, Timmis, J, Liu, J, Harkin, J, McDaid, L & Karim, S 2016, An FPGA-based hardware-efficient fault-tolerant astrocyte-neuron network. in Unknown Host Publication. IEEE, pp. 1-8, 2016 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI), 26/09/16. https://doi.org/10.1109/SSCI.2016.7850175","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:168478","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7017-1644>,","pdf_url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/168478/1/ICES.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"NonPeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:sure.sunderland.ac.uk:11572","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/id/eprint/11572/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402295","display_name":"Sunderland Repository (University of Sunderland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5728261","host_organization_name":"University of Sunderland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5728261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/0bb2e54b-b6c9-43f6-8a2c-d1325d8ee7ed","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/publications/0bb2e54b-b6c9-43f6-8a2c-d1325d8ee7ed","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402454","display_name":"Ulster University Research Portal (Ulster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","host_organization_name":"University of Ulster","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Johnson, A P, Halliday, D M, Tyrrell, A M, Millard, A G, Timmis, J, Liu, J, Harkin, J, McDaid, L & Karim, S 2016, An FPGA-based hardware-efficient fault-tolerant astrocyte-neuron network. in Unknown Host Publication. IEEE, pp. 1-8, 2016 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI), 26/09/16. https://doi.org/10.1109/SSCI.2016.7850175","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G361986358","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N007050/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W345956458","https://openalex.org/W1498940341","https://openalex.org/W2032730787","https://openalex.org/W2041959877","https://openalex.org/W2044730840","https://openalex.org/W2045115736","https://openalex.org/W2059586419","https://openalex.org/W2069552454","https://openalex.org/W2071036343","https://openalex.org/W2074661552","https://openalex.org/W2121113595","https://openalex.org/W2129567809","https://openalex.org/W2129896258","https://openalex.org/W2136189222","https://openalex.org/W2143620735","https://openalex.org/W2150311572","https://openalex.org/W2167139114","https://openalex.org/W2272300165","https://openalex.org/W2556739276","https://openalex.org/W3117097129","https://openalex.org/W4238614602","https://openalex.org/W6693859313"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2382691761","https://openalex.org/W2389907137","https://openalex.org/W1961642580","https://openalex.org/W2896971219","https://openalex.org/W4247393621","https://openalex.org/W4224793487","https://openalex.org/W2037133501","https://openalex.org/W2775639599","https://openalex.org/W2126824963","https://openalex.org/W2379226282"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,99],"human":[1],"brain":[2,15],"is":[3,79],"structured":[4],"with":[5],"the":[6,14,59,82,93,97,136,142],"capacity":[7],"to":[8,19],"repair":[9],"itself.":[10],"This":[11,52,78],"plasticity":[12],"of":[13,26,58,84,126,139,144],"has":[16],"motivated":[17],"researchers":[18],"develop":[20],"systems":[21],"which":[22],"have":[23,34],"similar":[24],"capabilities":[25],"fault":[27],"tolerance":[28],"and":[29,40,112],"self-repair.":[30],"Recent":[31],"research":[32],"findings":[33],"proven":[35],"that":[36],"interactions":[37],"between":[38],"astrocytes":[39,140],"neurons":[41],"can":[42],"actuate":[43],"brain-like":[44],"self-repair":[45,61],"in":[46,87,109,141],"a":[47,55,69,106,118],"bidirectionally":[48],"coupled":[49],"astrocyte-neuron":[50,89,120],"system.":[51,77],"paper":[53],"presents":[54],"hardware":[56,100,110],"realization":[57],"bio-inspired":[60],"architecture":[62,71],"on":[63,81],"an":[64,73,88,114],"FPGA.":[65],"We":[66],"also":[67],"introduce":[68],"reduced":[70],"for":[72,117,134],"FPGA-based":[74],"hardware-efficient":[75],"fault-tolerant":[76],"based":[80],"principle":[83],"retrograde":[85],"signaling":[86],"network":[90],"by":[91],"simplifying":[92],"calcium":[94],"dynamics":[95],"within":[96],"astrocyte.":[98],"optimized":[101],"implementation":[102,116],"shows":[103],"more":[104],"than":[105],"90%":[107],"decrease":[108],"utilization":[111],"proves":[113],"efficient":[115],"large-scale":[119],"network.":[121],"An":[122],"Average":[123],"spike":[124],"rate":[125],"0:027":[127],"spikes":[128],"per":[129],"clock":[130],"cycle":[131],"were":[132],"observed":[133],"both":[135],"proposed":[137],"models":[138],"case":[143],"100%":[145],"partial":[146],"fault.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}