{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413980513","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spawc66079.2025.11143367","title":"LLM4MAC: An LLM-Driven Reinforcement Learning Framework for MAC Protocol Emergence","display_name":"LLM4MAC: An LLM-Driven Reinforcement Learning Framework for MAC Protocol Emergence","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413980513","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spawc66079.2025.11143367"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/spawc66079.2025.11143367","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spawc66079.2025.11143367","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 26th International Workshop on Signal Processing and Artificial Intelligence for Wireless Communications (SPAWC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112053824","display_name":"Renxuan Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4658-2896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renxuan Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014842979","display_name":"Rongpeng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4297-5060"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongpeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100989421","display_name":"Zhifeng Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhifeng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4704,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9048337,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9524000287055969,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9305999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8069828748703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7133506536483765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5758640766143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.32974278926849365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3000098466873169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.08942562341690063}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8069828748703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7133506536483765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5758640766143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.32974278926849365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3000098466873169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.08942562341690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/spawc66079.2025.11143367","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spawc66079.2025.11143367","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 26th International Workshop on Signal Processing and Artificial Intelligence for Wireless Communications (SPAWC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293057664","https://openalex.org/W4315629860","https://openalex.org/W4391590983","https://openalex.org/W4392902389","https://openalex.org/W4402159023","https://openalex.org/W4404562805"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2138720691","https://openalex.org/W2376932109"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Future":[0],"6G":[1],"networks":[2],"require":[3],"agile":[4],"medium":[5],"access":[6],"control":[7],"(MAC)":[8],"protocols":[9],"for":[10,31],"dynamic":[11],"conditions.":[12],"Since":[13],"traditional":[14],"multi-agent":[15],"reinforcement":[16],"learning":[17],"(MARL)":[18],"falters":[19],"with":[20,37,76,111],"fluctuating":[21],"agent":[22],"numbers":[23],"and":[24,66,124],"typical":[25],"LLM":[26],"applications":[27],"lack":[28],"exploratory":[29],"power":[30],"protocol":[32,115],"emergence,":[33],"we":[34],"synergize":[35],"LLMs":[36],"RL":[38],"to":[39,72,108],"propose":[40],"LLM4MAC,":[41],"overcoming":[42],"these":[43],"limitations.":[44],"By":[45],"reformulating":[46],"uplink":[47],"data":[48],"transmission":[49],"scheduling":[50],"as":[51],"a":[52,101],"semantics-generalized":[53],"partially":[54],"observable":[55],"Markov":[56],"game":[57],"(POMG),":[58],"LLM4MAC":[59,118],"encodes":[60],"network":[61,79],"operations":[62],"in":[63,122],"natural":[64],"language":[65],"utilizes":[67],"proximal":[68],"policy":[69],"optimization":[70],"(PPO)":[71],"ensure":[73],"continuous":[74],"alignment":[75],"the":[77,114],"evolving":[78],"dynamics.":[80],"A":[81],"structured":[82],"identity":[83],"embedding":[84],"(SIE)":[85],"mechanism":[86],"further":[87],"enables":[88],"robust":[89],"coordination":[90],"among":[91],"heterogeneous":[92],"agents.":[93],"Extensive":[94],"simulations":[95],"demonstrate":[96],"that":[97],"on":[98],"top":[99],"of":[100],"compact":[102],"LLM,":[103],"which":[104],"is":[105],"purposefully":[106],"selected":[107],"balance":[109],"performance":[110],"resource":[112],"efficiency,":[113],"emerging":[116],"from":[117],"outperforms":[119],"comparative":[120],"baselines":[121],"throughput":[123],"generalization.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
