{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403182858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spawc60668.2024.10694462","title":"Beam-focusing in near-field communications: enhancing the physical layer security","display_name":"Beam-focusing in near-field communications: enhancing the physical layer security","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403182858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spawc60668.2024.10694462"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/spawc60668.2024.10694462","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spawc60668.2024.10694462","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE 25th International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064707442","display_name":"Sotiris Droulias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2404-2649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154757721","display_name":"University of Piraeus","ror":"https://ror.org/02qs84g94","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sotiris Droulias","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Piraeus,Department of Digital Systems,Piraeus,Greece,18534"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Piraeus,Department of Digital Systems,Piraeus,Greece,18534","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044183081","display_name":"Giorgos Stratidakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1064-9164"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154757721","display_name":"University of Piraeus","ror":"https://ror.org/02qs84g94","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giorgos Stratidakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Piraeus,Department of Digital Systems,Piraeus,Greece,18534"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Piraeus,Department of Digital Systems,Piraeus,Greece,18534","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002622550","display_name":"Angeliki Alexiou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9036-0306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154757721","display_name":"University of Piraeus","ror":"https://ror.org/02qs84g94","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angeliki Alexiou","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Piraeus,Department of Digital Systems,Piraeus,Greece,18534"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Piraeus,Department of Digital Systems,Piraeus,Greece,18534","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064707442"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5096,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85735921,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"216","last_page":"220"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.6155269145965576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.5375497341156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5037831664085388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.502047061920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45045381784439087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2859388589859009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.28481101989746094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.27208366990089417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.2477852702140808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.0869860053062439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.07067692279815674}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.6155269145965576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.5375497341156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5037831664085388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.502047061920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45045381784439087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2859388589859009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.28481101989746094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.27208366990089417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2477852702140808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0869860053062439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.07067692279815674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/spawc60668.2024.10694462","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spawc60668.2024.10694462","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE 25th International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072563372","https://openalex.org/W2102654676","https://openalex.org/W3160895557","https://openalex.org/W3164550829","https://openalex.org/W3185146227","https://openalex.org/W3193557774","https://openalex.org/W4288388683","https://openalex.org/W4293057548","https://openalex.org/W4297094903","https://openalex.org/W4312496310","https://openalex.org/W4313020712","https://openalex.org/W4317418986","https://openalex.org/W4323520875","https://openalex.org/W4376480679","https://openalex.org/W4376481253","https://openalex.org/W4385801626","https://openalex.org/W4385885073","https://openalex.org/W4389961093","https://openalex.org/W4391974656","https://openalex.org/W4392081492"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W4402327032","https://openalex.org/W2382290278"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"theoretical":[1],"work":[2,78],"proposes":[3],"incorporating":[4],"near-field":[5],"engineering":[6],"in":[7],"future":[8],"wireless":[9],"communications,":[10],"to":[11,18,100,125],"generate":[12],"focused":[13,74],"beams":[14,101],"that":[15],"are":[16],"able":[17],"address":[19],"the":[20,55,69,73,82,85,108,111,115],"challenges":[21],"of":[22,60,68,72,84,117],"high":[23],"frequencies":[24],"more":[25],"efficiently":[26],"than":[27],"conventional":[28,104],"beamforming.":[29],"Previously":[30],"we":[31,79,94,122],"derived":[32],"an":[33],"exact":[34],"analytical":[35,66],"model":[36,48],"for":[37,53],"beam-focusing":[38],"at":[39],"oblique":[40],"angles,":[41],"based":[42],"on":[43],"explicit":[44],"electromagnetic":[45],"modeling.":[46],"Our":[47],"is":[49],"a":[50,118],"powerful":[51],"tool":[52],"analyzing":[54],"physical":[56,86],"layer":[57,87],"security":[58,88],"capabilities":[59],"such":[61,91],"beams,":[62,92],"as":[63],"it":[64],"provides":[65],"description":[67],"spatial":[70],"distribution":[71],"power.":[75],"In":[76],"this":[77],"study":[80],"analytically":[81],"enhancement":[83],"offered":[89],"by":[90],"and":[93,114,121,128],"demonstrate":[95],"their":[96],"superiority":[97],"with":[98,103],"respect":[99],"generated":[102],"beam-forming.":[105],"We":[106],"analyze":[107],"dependencies":[109],"between":[110],"beam\u2019s":[112],"characteristics":[113],"location":[116],"possible":[119],"eavesdropper,":[120],"introduce":[123],"metrics":[124],"assess":[126],"secure":[127],"vulnerable":[129],"areas.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}