{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3212962393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spawc51858.2021.9593196","title":"Antenna Efficiency in Massive MIMO Detection","display_name":"Antenna Efficiency in Massive MIMO Detection","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3212962393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spawc51858.2021.9593196","mag":"3212962393"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/spawc51858.2021.9593196","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spawc51858.2021.9593196","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 22nd International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020301131","display_name":"Ruichen Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2352-1549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruichen Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020753840","display_name":"Ya\u2010Feng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9684-9150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120485","display_name":"Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science","ror":"https://ror.org/02jkmyk67","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210120485"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ya-Feng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["LSEC, ICMSEC, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LSEC, ICMSEC, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120485","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020301131"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4011,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61310345,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":null,"first_page":"51","last_page":"55"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7837250828742981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.655494749546051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.6362720727920532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6095970273017883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5294739007949829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.5205957889556885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4727120101451874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3g-mimo","display_name":"3G MIMO","score":0.44292640686035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-metric","display_name":"Performance metric","score":0.4332685172557831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3555617928504944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.35110071301460266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3363504409790039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2878892421722412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.27567383646965027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10867196321487427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08503696322441101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.07187217473983765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7837250828742981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.655494749546051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.6362720727920532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6095970273017883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5294739007949829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.5205957889556885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4727120101451874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165650700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636347","display_name":"3G MIMO","level":4,"score":0.44292640686035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780898871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Performance metric","level":2,"score":0.4332685172557831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3555617928504944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.35110071301460266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3363504409790039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2878892421722412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.27567383646965027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10867196321487427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08503696322441101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.07187217473983765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/spawc51858.2021.9593196","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spawc51858.2021.9593196","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 22nd International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974552031","https://openalex.org/W1997834106","https://openalex.org/W2021573106","https://openalex.org/W2063089586","https://openalex.org/W2084304524","https://openalex.org/W2103005479","https://openalex.org/W2107244732","https://openalex.org/W2116394223","https://openalex.org/W2139317044","https://openalex.org/W2142978081","https://openalex.org/W2148907454","https://openalex.org/W2152670498","https://openalex.org/W2156202420","https://openalex.org/W2162273329","https://openalex.org/W2166500259","https://openalex.org/W2167709639","https://openalex.org/W2324627482","https://openalex.org/W2772384454","https://openalex.org/W2798333393","https://openalex.org/W2803170239","https://openalex.org/W2912369344","https://openalex.org/W3103793889"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2171242072","https://openalex.org/W2116498579","https://openalex.org/W1996559634","https://openalex.org/W2766044908","https://openalex.org/W2203989901","https://openalex.org/W3093455409","https://openalex.org/W2103846485","https://openalex.org/W2127023673","https://openalex.org/W2980851480","https://openalex.org/W3212962393"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"consider":[4],"the":[5,16,22,42,49,56,62,68,86,89,92,97,101,112],"multi-user":[6],"detection":[7,114],"problem":[8],"in":[9,55,117],"a":[10,31,80,118],"multiple-input":[11],"multiple-output":[12],"(MIMO)":[13],"system,":[14],"where":[15],"number":[17,50],"of":[18,51,88],"receive":[19,52],"antennas":[20,53],"at":[21],"base":[23],"station":[24],"(BS)":[25],"grows":[26],"infinitely":[27],"large.":[28],"We":[29,60],"propose":[30],"new":[32],"performance":[33,116],"metric,":[34],"called":[35],"antenna":[36,77],"efficiency,":[37],"to":[38],"characterize":[39],"how":[40],"fast":[41],"vector":[43],"error":[44,115],"probability":[45],"(VEP)":[46],"decreases":[47],"as":[48],"increases":[54],"large":[57],"system":[58],"limit.":[59],"analyze":[61],"optimal":[63],"maximum-likelihood":[64],"(ML)":[65],"detector":[66,72],"and":[67,73,96],"simple":[69,81],"zero-forcing":[70],"(ZF)":[71],"prove":[74],"that":[75,106],"their":[76],"efficiency":[78],"admits":[79],"closed":[82],"form,":[83],"which":[84],"quantifies":[85],"impacts":[87],"user-to-antenna":[90],"ratio,":[91],"signal-to-noise":[93],"ratio":[94],"(SNR),":[95],"constellation":[98],"set":[99],"on":[100],"VEP.":[102],"Numerical":[103],"results":[104],"show":[105],"our":[107],"analysis":[108],"can":[109],"well":[110],"describe":[111],"empirical":[113],"realistic":[119],"massive":[120],"MIMO":[121],"system.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}