{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3212754735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spawc51858.2021.9593117","title":"Adaptive Beam Tracking based on Recurrent Neural Networks for mmWave Channels","display_name":"Adaptive Beam Tracking based on Recurrent Neural Networks for mmWave Channels","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3212754735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spawc51858.2021.9593117","mag":"3212754735"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/spawc51858.2021.9593117","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spawc51858.2021.9593117","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 22nd International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.04548.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078258250","display_name":"Saeid K. Dehkordi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0962-1802"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saeid K. Dehkordi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Information Theory, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Information Theory, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008538151","display_name":"Mari Kobayashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0451-7042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mari Kobayashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communications Engineering, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communications Engineering, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058252389","display_name":"Giuseppe Caire","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7749-1333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Caire","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Information Theory, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Information Theory, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078258250"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3202,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80515796,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7218313217163086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.7173337340354919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6644539833068848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5970527529716492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5714340209960938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuation","display_name":"Attenuation","score":0.563046932220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5277593731880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-equipment","display_name":"User equipment","score":0.44748812913894653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.441524863243103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-filter","display_name":"Particle filter","score":0.43583351373672485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.37829357385635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3530338406562805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.3112528622150421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2288728952407837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.20827296376228333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.1713884174823761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.14518684148788452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14148283004760742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14019590616226196}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7218313217163086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.7173337340354919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6644539833068848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5970527529716492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5714340209960938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.563046932220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5277593731880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781327853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3552547","display_name":"User equipment","level":3,"score":0.44748812913894653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.441524863243103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52421305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151499","display_name":"Particle filter","level":3,"score":0.43583351373672485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.37829357385635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3530338406562805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3112528622150421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2288728952407837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.20827296376228333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.1713884174823761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.14518684148788452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14148283004760742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14019590616226196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/spawc51858.2021.9593117","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spawc51858.2021.9593117","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 22nd International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"mag:3190353348","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.04548.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:3190353348","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.04548.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2186745177","https://openalex.org/W2561074820","https://openalex.org/W2604992528","https://openalex.org/W2799206304","https://openalex.org/W2810871807","https://openalex.org/W2897361856","https://openalex.org/W2913219941","https://openalex.org/W2955897898","https://openalex.org/W2956797962","https://openalex.org/W2982523127","https://openalex.org/W2995352668","https://openalex.org/W3011676575","https://openalex.org/W3040897111","https://openalex.org/W3099147043","https://openalex.org/W3148365462"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963170046","https://openalex.org/W2376244802","https://openalex.org/W4311414679","https://openalex.org/W2923631784","https://openalex.org/W818226659","https://openalex.org/W2949356284","https://openalex.org/W4226210192","https://openalex.org/W2960560748","https://openalex.org/W4389401745","https://openalex.org/W3200903575"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"performance":[1],"of":[2,12,46,85,88],"millimeter":[3],"wave":[4],"(mmWave)":[5],"communications":[6],"critically":[7],"depends":[8],"on":[9,62,74],"the":[10,44,47,63,66,83,107,128,143],"accuracy":[11],"beam-":[13],"forming":[14],"both":[15],"at":[16,65],"base":[17],"station":[18],"(BS)":[19],"and":[20,29,49,56,81,104,131],"user":[21],"terminals":[22],"(UEs)":[23],"due":[24],"to":[25,99,126,137],"high":[26,33],"isotropic":[27],"path-loss":[28],"channel":[30],"attenuation.":[31],"In":[32,58],"mobility":[34,117],"environments,":[35],"accurate":[36],"beam":[37,101],"alignment":[38,102],"becomes":[39],"even":[40],"more":[41,138],"challenging":[42],"as":[43,142],"angles":[45],"BS":[48],"each":[50],"UE":[51],"must":[52],"be":[53],"tracked":[54],"reliably":[55],"continuously.":[57],"this":[59],"work,":[60],"focusing":[61],"beamforming":[64],"BS,":[67],"we":[68,93],"propose":[69,94],"an":[70],"adaptive":[71],"method":[72,123],"based":[73],"Recurrent":[75],"Neural":[76],"Networks":[77],"(RNN)":[78],"that":[79,120],"tracks":[80],"predicts":[82],"Angle":[84],"Departure":[86],"(AoD)":[87],"a":[89,95,114],"given":[90],"UE.":[91],"Moreover,":[92],"modified":[96],"frame":[97],"structure":[98],"reduce":[100],"overhead":[103],"hence":[105],"increase":[106],"communication":[108,134],"rate.":[109],"Our":[110],"numerical":[111],"experiments":[112],"in":[113],"highly":[115],"non-linear":[116],"scenario":[118],"show":[119],"our":[121],"proposed":[122],"is":[124],"able":[125],"track":[127],"AoD":[129],"accurately":[130],"achieve":[132],"higher":[133],"rate":[135],"compared":[136],"traditional":[139],"methods":[140],"such":[141],"particle":[144],"filter.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}