{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3046928693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spawc48557.2020.9154320","title":"Learning Beam Codebooks with Neural Networks: Towards Environment-Aware mmWave MIMO","display_name":"Learning Beam Codebooks with Neural Networks: Towards Environment-Aware mmWave MIMO","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3046928693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spawc48557.2020.9154320","mag":"3046928693"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/spawc48557.2020.9154320","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spawc48557.2020.9154320","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 21st International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100433450","display_name":"Yu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9311-1700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036355947","display_name":"Muhammad Alrabeiah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7586-2631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Alrabeiah","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003243464","display_name":"Ahmed Alkhateeb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5648-1569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Alkhateeb","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1854,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88051789,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codebook","display_name":"Codebook","score":0.9045512676239014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.8508678674697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7332170009613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7070172429084778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.6337746381759644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.529569149017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5058643221855164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4723314642906189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.42542457580566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3812049627304077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3413656949996948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1911875307559967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17252853512763977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13539442420005798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127759330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637416","display_name":"Codebook","level":2,"score":0.9045512676239014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.8508678674697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7332170009613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7070172429084778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.6337746381759644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.529569149017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5058643221855164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4723314642906189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.42542457580566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3812049627304077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3413656949996948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1911875307559967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17252853512763977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13539442420005798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/spawc48557.2020.9154320","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spawc48557.2020.9154320","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 21st International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034651337","https://openalex.org/W2075148031","https://openalex.org/W2111953900","https://openalex.org/W2113271807","https://openalex.org/W2195693430","https://openalex.org/W2618946976","https://openalex.org/W2769920340","https://openalex.org/W2914484425","https://openalex.org/W2914949576","https://openalex.org/W2963031347","https://openalex.org/W3013594094","https://openalex.org/W3036327743","https://openalex.org/W4236252810","https://openalex.org/W4255949318","https://openalex.org/W4288574671","https://openalex.org/W6738884980","https://openalex.org/W6759127422","https://openalex.org/W6768539975"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3207918248","https://openalex.org/W2130785056","https://openalex.org/W2506626932","https://openalex.org/W2037755532","https://openalex.org/W2620095399","https://openalex.org/W1488668773","https://openalex.org/W2006021297","https://openalex.org/W4288602396","https://openalex.org/W2914555611","https://openalex.org/W4285192270"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Scaling":[0],"the":[1,72,86,120,130,134,140,143,152],"number":[2],"of":[3,10,142],"antennas":[4],"up":[5],"is":[6],"a":[7,95,113],"key":[8],"characteristic":[9],"current":[11],"and":[12,20,58,70,83,123,133,150],"future":[13],"wireless":[14],"communication":[15],"systems.":[16,108],"The":[17],"hardware":[18,121],"cost":[19],"power":[21],"consumption,":[22],"however,":[23,64],"motivate":[24],"large-scale":[25,106],"MIMO":[26,107],"systems,":[27],"especially":[28],"at":[29],"millimeter":[30],"wave":[31],"(mmWave)":[32],"bands,":[33],"to":[34,78,129,157,161],"rely":[35],"on":[36],"analog-only":[37],"or":[38],"hybrid":[39],"analog/digital":[40],"transceiver":[41],"architectures.":[42],"With":[43],"these":[44],"architectures,":[45],"mmWave":[46],"base":[47],"stations":[48],"normally":[49],"use":[50],"pre-defined":[51],"beamforming":[52,88,102],"codebooks":[53,103,126],"for":[54,100,119],"both":[55],"initial":[56],"access":[57],"data":[59],"transmissions.":[60],"Current":[61],"beam":[62,80,125],"codebooks,":[63],"generally":[65],"adopt":[66],"single-lobe":[67],"narrow":[68],"beams":[69,149],"scan":[71],"entire":[73],"angular":[74],"space.":[75],"This":[76],"leads":[77,156],"high":[79],"training":[81],"overhead":[82],"loss":[84],"in":[85,104,146],"achievable":[87],"gains.":[89],"In":[90],"this":[91],"paper,":[92],"we":[93,111],"propose":[94],"new":[96],"machine":[97],"learning":[98,101,147],"framework":[99],"hardware-constrained":[105],"More":[109],"specifically,":[110],"develop":[112],"neural":[114],"network":[115],"architecture":[116],"that":[117,127],"accounts":[118],"constraints":[122],"learns":[124],"adapt":[128],"surrounding":[131],"environment":[132],"user":[135],"locations.":[136],"Simulation":[137],"results":[138],"highlight":[139],"capability":[141],"proposed":[144],"solution":[145],"multi-lobe":[148],"reducing":[151],"codebook":[153,163],"size,":[154],"which":[155],"noticeable":[158],"gains":[159],"compared":[160],"classical":[162],"design":[164],"approaches.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
