{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3008253117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spawc48557.2020.9154233","title":"Design of Millimeter-Wave Single-Shot Beam Training for True-Time-Delay Array","display_name":"Design of Millimeter-Wave Single-Shot Beam Training for True-Time-Delay Array","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3008253117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spawc48557.2020.9154233","mag":"3008253117"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/spawc48557.2020.9154233","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spawc48557.2020.9154233","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 21st International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.07849","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001614836","display_name":"Veljko Boljanovic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5660-4688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Veljko Boljanovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","University of California,Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept.,Los Angeles,CA,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept.,Los Angeles,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015181187","display_name":"Yan Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4344-1335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","University of California,Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept.,Los Angeles,CA,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept.,Los Angeles,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043213695","display_name":"Erfan Ghaderi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5519-8048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erfan Ghaderi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, WA, USA","Washington State University,School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,WA,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Washington State University,School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,WA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086461408","display_name":"Deukhyoun Heo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1152-1739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deukhyoun Heo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, WA, USA","Washington State University,School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,WA,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Washington State University,School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,WA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054523682","display_name":"Subhanshu Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4754-3451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subhanshu Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, WA, USA","Washington State University,School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,WA,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Washington State University,School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,WA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008128583","display_name":"Danijela \u010cabri\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5967-2683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danijela Cabric","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","University of California,Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept.,Los Angeles,CA,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept.,Los Angeles,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001614836"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01367938,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7122398018836975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5524361729621887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-delay-and-phase-delay","display_name":"Group delay and phase delay","score":0.49469563364982605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.4814319312572479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.44603586196899414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.4402958154678345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.4308728873729706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-steering","display_name":"Beam steering","score":0.42251884937286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.41783973574638367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.41148194670677185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.3942055106163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.2718442380428314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.24596497416496277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22804081439971924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.20127668976783752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.17052093148231506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.16629016399383545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16144037246704102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15775421261787415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.14949363470077515}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7122398018836975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5524361729621887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123792056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q365988","display_name":"Group delay and phase delay","level":3,"score":0.49469563364982605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.4814319312572479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.44603586196899414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.4402958154678345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.4308728873729706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143148639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876192","display_name":"Beam steering","level":3,"score":0.42251884937286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.41783973574638367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.41148194670677185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.3942055106163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2718442380428314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.24596497416496277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22804081439971924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.20127668976783752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.17052093148231506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16629016399383545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16144037246704102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15775421261787415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.14949363470077515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/spawc48557.2020.9154233","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spawc48557.2020.9154233","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 21st International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2002.07849","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2002.07849","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.07849","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3008253117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.07849.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2002.07849","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2002.07849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.17023/2qhr-rk88","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17023/2qhr-rk88","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051697","display_name":"IEEE RESOURCE CENTERS","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2002.07849","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2002.07849","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.07849","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3008253117.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3008253117.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1878276256","https://openalex.org/W2490299299","https://openalex.org/W2912240042","https://openalex.org/W2950118198","https://openalex.org/W2955897898","https://openalex.org/W2964045328","https://openalex.org/W2964745453","https://openalex.org/W2993361693","https://openalex.org/W3016242505","https://openalex.org/W3104196352"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3046991405","https://openalex.org/W3104196352","https://openalex.org/W2792497689","https://openalex.org/W2003105146","https://openalex.org/W2783883961","https://openalex.org/W1900285721","https://openalex.org/W3202649176","https://openalex.org/W3015403278","https://openalex.org/W2614851539","https://openalex.org/W3041952484","https://openalex.org/W2064139683","https://openalex.org/W3044237917","https://openalex.org/W1989374767","https://openalex.org/W2027663690","https://openalex.org/W207653494","https://openalex.org/W3130870924","https://openalex.org/W3036205014","https://openalex.org/W3161658190","https://openalex.org/W2963311502","https://openalex.org/W3009922147"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Beam":[0],"training":[1,28,77,89],"is":[2,91],"one":[3],"of":[4,71,82,96,110,114,125],"the":[5,80,94,103],"most":[6],"important":[7],"and":[8,13,19,54,99,107,112],"challenging":[9],"tasks":[10],"in":[11,46],"millimeter-wave":[12],"sub-terahertz":[14],"communications.":[15],"Novel":[16],"transceiver":[17],"architectures":[18],"signal":[20],"processing":[21],"techniques":[22],"are":[23,37,118],"required":[24,108],"to":[25,59,120],"avoid":[26],"prohibitive":[27],"overhead":[29],"when":[30],"large":[31],"antenna":[32],"arrays":[33,53],"with":[34,74,135],"narrow":[35],"beams":[36,58],"used.":[38],"In":[39],"this":[40],"work,":[41],"we":[42],"leverage":[43],"recent":[44],"developments":[45],"wide":[47],"range":[48,113],"true-time-":[49],"delay":[50,100,116],"(TTD)":[51],"analog":[52,115],"frequency":[55],"dependent":[56],"probing":[57],"accelerate":[60],"beam":[61,88],"training.":[62],"We":[63],"propose":[64],"an":[65],"algorithm":[66],"that":[67],"achieves":[68],"high-accuracy":[69],"angle":[70],"arrival":[72],"estimation":[73],"a":[75,122,132],"single":[76],"symbol.":[78],"Further,":[79],"impact":[81,95],"TTD":[83,128,139],"front-":[84],"end":[85],"impairments":[86,106],"on":[87,105],"accuracy":[90],"investigated,":[92],"including":[93],"gain,":[97],"phase,":[98],"errors.":[101],"Lastly,":[102],"study":[104],"specifications":[109],"resolution":[111],"taps":[117],"used":[119],"provide":[121],"design":[123],"insight":[124],"energy":[126],"efficient":[127],"array,":[129],"which":[130],"employs":[131],"novel":[133],"architecture":[134],"discrete-time":[136],"sampling":[137],"based":[138],"elements.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}