{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2983339117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spawc48557.2020.9154219","title":"Degrees of Freedom of Holographic MIMO Channels","display_name":"Degrees of Freedom of Holographic MIMO Channels","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2983339117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spawc48557.2020.9154219","mag":"2983339117"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/spawc48557.2020.9154219","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spawc48557.2020.9154219","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 21st International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1911.07516","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018538891","display_name":"Andrea Pizzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6350-591X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102475099","display_name":"Sup\u00e9lec","ror":"https://ror.org/00n7gwn90","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102475099"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102264","display_name":"Shandong University of Political Science and Law","ror":"https://ror.org/01b2j5886","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102264"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15196421","display_name":"University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland","ror":"https://ror.org/05ep8g269","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15196421"]}],"countries":["CH","CN","FR","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Pizzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York University, USA","New York University<sup>**</sup>"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University<sup>**</sup>","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15196421","https://openalex.org/I4210102264","https://openalex.org/I102475099"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014805999","display_name":"Thomas L. Marzetta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9105-405X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102475099","display_name":"Sup\u00e9lec","ror":"https://ror.org/00n7gwn90","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102475099"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15196421","display_name":"University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland","ror":"https://ror.org/05ep8g269","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15196421"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102264","display_name":"Shandong University of Political Science and Law","ror":"https://ror.org/01b2j5886","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102264"]}],"countries":["CH","CN","FR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas L. Marzetta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York University, USA","New York University<sup>**</sup>"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University<sup>**</sup>","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15196421","https://openalex.org/I4210102264","https://openalex.org/I102475099"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063635284","display_name":"Luca Sanguinetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2577-4091"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Sanguinetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell\u2019Informazione, University of Pisa, Italy","University of Pisa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell\u2019Informazione, University of Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pisa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018538891"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102475099","https://openalex.org/I15196421","https://openalex.org/I4210102264","https://openalex.org/I57206974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.29866062,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71986241,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12450","display_name":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degrees-of-freedom","display_name":"Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)","score":0.651422381401062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isotropy","display_name":"Isotropy","score":0.5982562303543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthonormal-basis","display_name":"Orthonormal basis","score":0.5944045782089233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limit","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","score":0.5547088384628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-transform","display_name":"Fourier transform","score":0.5491570830345154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-series","display_name":"Fourier series","score":0.5351036190986633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basis","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","score":0.5186263918876648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plane","display_name":"Plane (geometry)","score":0.48250436782836914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.47828230261802673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.4349000155925751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series-expansion","display_name":"Series expansion","score":0.42699626088142395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.3383031487464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3347710371017456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.3187652826309204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1883023977279663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.1263410747051239}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C208081375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274502","display_name":"Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.651422381401062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184050105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273163","display_name":"Isotropy","level":2,"score":0.5982562303543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5806529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2365325","display_name":"Orthonormal basis","level":2,"score":0.5944045782089233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5547088384628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.5491570830345154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207864730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179467","display_name":"Fourier series","level":2,"score":0.5351036190986633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5186263918876648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17825722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17285","display_name":"Plane (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.48250436782836914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.47828230261802673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.4349000155925751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186080144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358733","display_name":"Series expansion","level":2,"score":0.42699626088142395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.3383031487464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3347710371017456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.3187652826309204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1883023977279663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.1263410747051239}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/spawc48557.2020.9154219","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spawc48557.2020.9154219","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 21st International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1911.07516","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1911.07516","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1911.07516","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2983339117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1911.07516","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1911.07516","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1911.07516","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.17023/xhhn-wt51","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17023/xhhn-wt51","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051697","display_name":"IEEE RESOURCE CENTERS","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1911.07516","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1911.07516","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1911.07516","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2983339117.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2983339117.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W599939251","https://openalex.org/W1500551892","https://openalex.org/W1520664314","https://openalex.org/W1536002026","https://openalex.org/W1536252645","https://openalex.org/W1667950888","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W1997834106","https://openalex.org/W2012215229","https://openalex.org/W2041404167","https://openalex.org/W2124164696","https://openalex.org/W2130509920","https://openalex.org/W2660019807","https://openalex.org/W2735938380","https://openalex.org/W2772423203","https://openalex.org/W2885493289","https://openalex.org/W2963121727","https://openalex.org/W2963673880","https://openalex.org/W3034737405","https://openalex.org/W6772757720","https://openalex.org/W6823506818"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3144018855","https://openalex.org/W3202480327","https://openalex.org/W2154823726","https://openalex.org/W2950478541","https://openalex.org/W1658212299","https://openalex.org/W2090833734","https://openalex.org/W3101278472","https://openalex.org/W3092425916","https://openalex.org/W2762079536","https://openalex.org/W2903011196","https://openalex.org/W2001665419","https://openalex.org/W3046670599","https://openalex.org/W1983176995","https://openalex.org/W3101380931","https://openalex.org/W2906018670","https://openalex.org/W2925068079","https://openalex.org/W2184713865","https://openalex.org/W2171869192","https://openalex.org/W2154977309","https://openalex.org/W2094637426"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"consider":[1],"spatially-constrained":[2],"apertures":[3],"of":[4,17,20,60,78,93,117],"rectangular":[5],"symmetry":[6],"and":[7,28,63],"aim":[8],"to":[9,13,89,99,108],"retrieve":[10],"the":[11,14,35,49,53,58,68,87,90,109,113],"limit":[12,88],"average":[15,91],"number":[16,92],"spatial":[18,70],"degrees":[19],"freedom":[21],"(DoF),":[22],"obtained":[23],"elsewhere":[24],"through":[25,112],"different":[26],"analyses":[27],"tools.":[29],"Unlike":[30],"prior":[31],"works,":[32],"we":[33],"use":[34],"Fourier":[36,71],"plane-wave":[37,118],"series":[38],"expansion,":[39],"recently":[40],"introduced":[41],"in":[42,52],"[1],":[43],"where":[44],"a":[45,61,76],"statistical":[46],"model":[47],"for":[48],"small-scale":[50],"fading":[51],"far-field":[54],"is":[55,97],"developed":[56],"on":[57],"basis":[59],"continuous-space":[62],"physics-based":[64],"orthonormal":[65],"expansion":[66,74],"over":[67],"Cartesian":[69],"basis.":[72],"This":[73],"yields":[75],"set":[77],"statistically":[79],"independent":[80],"random":[81],"coefficients":[82],"whose":[83],"cardinality":[84],"directly":[85],"gives":[86],"DoF.":[94],"The":[95],"treatment":[96],"limited":[98],"an":[100],"isotropic":[101],"scattering":[102],"environment":[103],"but":[104],"can":[105],"be":[106],"extended":[107],"non-isotropic":[110],"case":[111],"linear-system":[114],"theoretic":[115],"interpretation":[116],"propagations.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-09T09:26:11.010843","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
