{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2970371440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spawc.2019.8815507","title":"Calibration of mmWave Antenna Arrays for Initial Access in Massive MIMO 5G Cellular Networks","display_name":"Calibration of mmWave Antenna Arrays for Initial Access in Massive MIMO 5G Cellular Networks","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2970371440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spawc.2019.8815507","mag":"2970371440"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/spawc.2019.8815507","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spawc.2019.8815507","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 20th International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019124028","display_name":"Demir Glamocic","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Demir Glamocic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova via Gradenigo 6/B, Padova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova via Gradenigo 6/B, Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076790432","display_name":"Stefano Tomasin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3253-6793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Tomasin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova via Gradenigo 6/B, Padova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova via Gradenigo 6/B, Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10163518,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angle-of-arrival","display_name":"Angle of arrival","score":0.7510862350463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.650532066822052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.6432982087135315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6151155829429626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-array","display_name":"Antenna array","score":0.6060597896575928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5955339074134827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5608009696006775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.5510556697845459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.5054104328155518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radius","display_name":"RADIUS","score":0.4671952724456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-antenna","display_name":"Smart antenna","score":0.4246922731399536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.4137600362300873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.41012075543403625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.365362286567688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.34086930751800537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/omnidirectional-antenna","display_name":"Omnidirectional antenna","score":0.33071455359458923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2293415069580078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20996645092964172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.19010081887245178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1735920011997223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1525786817073822}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13545353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4763363","display_name":"Angle of arrival","level":3,"score":0.7510862350463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.650532066822052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.6432982087135315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6151155829429626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.6060597896575928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5955339074134827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5608009696006775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.5510556697845459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.5054104328155518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178635117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747499","display_name":"RADIUS","level":2,"score":0.4671952724456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143635782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187868","display_name":"Smart antenna","level":4,"score":0.4246922731399536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.4137600362300873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.41012075543403625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.365362286567688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.34086930751800537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24027999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2176348","display_name":"Omnidirectional antenna","level":3,"score":0.33071455359458923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2293415069580078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20996645092964172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.19010081887245178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1735920011997223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1525786817073822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/spawc.2019.8815507","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spawc.2019.8815507","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 20th International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research.unipd.it:11577/3310612","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3310612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402547","display_name":"Padua Research Archive (University of Padova)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","host_organization_name":"University of Padua","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1531339130","https://openalex.org/W1792675773","https://openalex.org/W1997834106","https://openalex.org/W2147421007","https://openalex.org/W2150529197","https://openalex.org/W2800343701","https://openalex.org/W2960748177","https://openalex.org/W2963504196","https://openalex.org/W3105919566","https://openalex.org/W6746170577"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2153798976","https://openalex.org/W2088002925","https://openalex.org/W2947767458","https://openalex.org/W2120108097","https://openalex.org/W2157958115","https://openalex.org/W1988250439","https://openalex.org/W2255495087","https://openalex.org/W2123853535","https://openalex.org/W2379509062","https://openalex.org/W4313495808"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"absolute":[1],"calibration":[2],"of":[3,20,34,67,91,94,102,124,142,173],"an":[4,167],"antenna":[5,85],"array":[6,168],"aims":[7],"at":[8],"estimating":[9],"the":[10,15,31,43,61,75,89,92,103,107,140,145,150,162],"phase":[11,81,108],"errors":[12,26,82],"introduced":[13],"by":[14],"radio":[16],"frequency":[17],"(RF)":[18],"chains":[19],"a":[21,122,170],"communication":[22],"device.":[23],"Compensating":[24],"these":[25],"is":[27,97,135],"relevant,":[28],"especially":[29],"for":[30],"initial":[32],"access":[33],"5G":[35],"cellular":[36],"systems":[37],"operating":[38],"with":[39,169],"mmWaves,":[40],"i.e.,":[41],"when":[42,165],"base":[44],"station":[45],"(BS)":[46],"focuses":[47],"its":[48],"reception":[49],"towards":[50],"specific":[51],"directions":[52],"to":[53,73],"discover":[54],"mobile":[55],"terminals":[56],"(MTs)":[57],"that":[58],"just":[59],"entered":[60],"cell.":[62],"We":[63,137],"first":[64],"collect":[65],"estimates":[66],"many":[68],"MT-BS":[69],"channels,":[70],"in":[71,100,121],"order":[72],"estimate":[74,139],"channel":[76],"autocorrelation":[77],"matrix,":[78],"from":[79],"which":[80],"on":[83,132],"each":[84],"are":[86,118],"estimated.":[87],"While":[88],"distribution":[90,134,153],"angles":[93,141],"arrival":[95],"(AoA)":[96],"assumed":[98],"known":[99],"most":[101],"literature,":[104],"thus":[105],"simplifying":[106],"estimation,":[109],"we":[110,159],"consider":[111],"two":[112],"more":[113],"realistic":[114],"cases:":[115],"1)":[116],"AoA's":[117,133,152],"uniformly":[119],"distributed":[120],"sector":[123,146],"unknown":[125],"size;":[126],"or":[127,149],"2)":[128,158],"no":[129],"prior":[130],"knowledge":[131],"available.":[136],"either":[138],"radius":[143],"delimiting":[144],"(case":[147,154],"1),":[148],"entire":[151],"2).":[155],"For":[156],"case":[157],"also":[160],"assess":[161],"estimation":[163],"error":[164],"using":[166],"small":[171],"number":[172],"antennas.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
