{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2596954019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spawc.2017.8227736","title":"Uncoordinated frequency shifts based pilot contamination attack detection","display_name":"Uncoordinated frequency shifts based pilot contamination attack detection","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2596954019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spawc.2017.8227736","mag":"2596954019"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/spawc.2017.8227736","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spawc.2017.8227736","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE 18th International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026374722","display_name":"Weile Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7962-0389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weile Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["MOE Key Lab for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Key Lab for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011665213","display_name":"Hai Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6364-348X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15807432","display_name":"Osaka Prefecture University","ror":"https://ror.org/02cf1je33","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15807432"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hai Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Osaka Furitsu Daigaku, Sakai, Osaka, JP"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osaka Furitsu Daigaku, Sakai, Osaka, JP","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15807432"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01653995,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eavesdropping","display_name":"Eavesdropping","score":0.9335845708847046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6867039203643799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5559909343719482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5242764353752136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divergence","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","score":0.5114713907241821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.4100243151187897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3923764228820801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3327763080596924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2495621144771576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21160098910331726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11493092775344849}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320769","display_name":"Eavesdropping","level":2,"score":0.9335845708847046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6867039203643799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5559909343719482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5242764353752136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5114713907241821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.4100243151187897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3923764228820801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3327763080596924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2495621144771576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21160098910331726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11493092775344849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/spawc.2017.8227736","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/spawc.2017.8227736","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE 18th International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522463291","https://openalex.org/W1524013832","https://openalex.org/W1610774026","https://openalex.org/W1970311186","https://openalex.org/W1998752794","https://openalex.org/W2022628978","https://openalex.org/W2035769579","https://openalex.org/W2096710051","https://openalex.org/W2115839218","https://openalex.org/W2334290851","https://openalex.org/W2404207460","https://openalex.org/W2490222774","https://openalex.org/W2548842562","https://openalex.org/W6656249074","https://openalex.org/W6722819494"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387918499","https://openalex.org/W2772112465","https://openalex.org/W4386360526","https://openalex.org/W2368710903","https://openalex.org/W2158905603","https://openalex.org/W2766105476","https://openalex.org/W2735171729","https://openalex.org/W2769254131","https://openalex.org/W2091556092","https://openalex.org/W2908395774"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pilot":[0],"contamination":[1,56],"attack":[2,57,63],"is":[3,66],"an":[4],"important":[5],"kind":[6],"of":[7,33,54,113],"active":[8],"eavesdropping":[9],"activity":[10],"conducted":[11],"by":[12,24],"a":[13,45],"malicious":[14],"user":[15,40],"during":[16],"channel":[17,115],"training":[18],"phase.":[19],"In":[20],"this":[21],"paper,":[22],"motivated":[23],"the":[25,34,75,87,94,104],"fact":[26],"that":[27,93],"frequency":[28,48],"asynchronism":[29],"could":[30],"introduce":[31],"divergence":[32],"transmitted":[35],"pilot":[36,55],"signals":[37],"between":[38],"intended":[39],"and":[41,80],"attacker,":[42],"we":[43],"propose":[44],"new":[46],"uncoordinated":[47],"shift":[49],"(UFS)":[50],"scheme":[51,97],"for":[52],"detection":[53,64,77,101],"in":[58],"multiple":[59],"antenna":[60],"system.":[61],"An":[62],"algorithm":[65],"further":[67],"developed":[68],"based":[69,109],"on":[70],"source":[71],"enumeration":[72],"method.":[73],"Both":[74],"asymptotic":[76],"performance":[78,102],"analysis":[79],"numerical":[81],"results":[82,91],"are":[83],"provided":[84],"to":[85],"verify":[86],"proposed":[88,95],"studies.":[89],"The":[90],"demonstrate":[92],"UFS":[96],"can":[98],"achieve":[99],"comparable":[100],"as":[103],"existing":[105],"superimposed":[106],"random":[107],"sequence":[108],"scheme,":[110],"without":[111],"sacrifice":[112],"legitimate":[114],"estimation":[116],"performance.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}