{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385187284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sp46215.2023.10179423","title":"Private Eye: On the Limits of Textual Screen Peeking via Eyeglass Reflections in Video Conferencing","display_name":"Private Eye: On the Limits of Textual Screen Peeking via Eyeglass Reflections in Video Conferencing","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385187284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sp46215.2023.10179423"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sp46215.2023.10179423","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sp46215.2023.10179423","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100351033","display_name":"Long Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9441-0913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan,Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Ann Arbor,USA","Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan,Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Ann Arbor,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chen Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University,College of Electrical Engineering,Hangzhou,China","College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University,College of Electrical Engineering,Hangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101689148","display_name":"Shilin Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1319-0428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shilin Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University,College of Electrical Engineering,Hangzhou,China","College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University,College of Electrical Engineering,Hangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049584308","display_name":"Shivan Prasad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shivan Prasad","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan,Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Ann Arbor,USA","Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan,Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Ann Arbor,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100407971","display_name":"Wenyuan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9946-0908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenyuan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University,College of Electrical Engineering,Hangzhou,China","College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University,College of Electrical Engineering,Hangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113708992","display_name":"Kevin Fu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan,Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Ann Arbor,USA","Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan,Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Ann Arbor,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3432","last_page":"3449"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/videoconferencing","display_name":"Videoconferencing","score":0.6328673362731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5252919793128967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.39881590008735657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3325510621070862}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22561748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854954","display_name":"Videoconferencing","level":2,"score":0.6328673362731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5252919793128967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.39881590008735657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3325510621070862}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sp46215.2023.10179423","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sp46215.2023.10179423","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309065","display_name":"Analog Devices","ror":"https://ror.org/01545pm61"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W567896383","https://openalex.org/W1481957875","https://openalex.org/W1529321107","https://openalex.org/W1538973830","https://openalex.org/W1980800818","https://openalex.org/W1982163393","https://openalex.org/W2005750530","https://openalex.org/W2016898333","https://openalex.org/W2019920316","https://openalex.org/W2033755846","https://openalex.org/W2064037807","https://openalex.org/W2095881341","https://openalex.org/W2120702739","https://openalex.org/W2125657191","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2141983208","https://openalex.org/W2149889219","https://openalex.org/W2150734399","https://openalex.org/W2165939075","https://openalex.org/W2263495255","https://openalex.org/W2474687114","https://openalex.org/W2523169138","https://openalex.org/W2890010784","https://openalex.org/W2906406655","https://openalex.org/W2912554321","https://openalex.org/W2923593504","https://openalex.org/W2996019764","https://openalex.org/W3017136408","https://openalex.org/W3029255035","https://openalex.org/W3100137403","https://openalex.org/W3108106473","https://openalex.org/W3121735433","https://openalex.org/W3136550168","https://openalex.org/W3164723542","https://openalex.org/W3208273486","https://openalex.org/W4255609348","https://openalex.org/W4398877164","https://openalex.org/W6631324589","https://openalex.org/W6764757122"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2142127558","https://openalex.org/W1546632383","https://openalex.org/W4313257994","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2309250577"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Personal":[0],"video":[1,21,122,283],"conferencing":[2,22],"has":[3],"become":[4],"a":[5,11,130,157,232,237,249,269],"new":[6],"norm":[7],"after":[8],"COVID-19":[9],"caused":[10],"seismic":[12],"shift":[13],"from":[14,69],"in-person":[15],"meetings":[16],"and":[17,26,36,48,65,85,90,104,126,140,302],"phone":[18],"calls":[19],"to":[20,57,82,138,166,174,196,220,276,296],"for":[23,194,313],"daily":[24],"communications":[25],"sensitive":[27],"business.":[28],"Video":[29],"leaks":[30],"participants\u2019":[31],"on-screen":[32,146],"information":[33,67],"because":[34],"eyeglasses":[35],"other":[37],"reflective":[38],"objects":[39],"unwittingly":[40],"expose":[41],"partial":[42],"screen":[43],"contents.":[44],"Using":[45],"mathematical":[46],"modeling":[47],"human":[49],"subjects":[50],"experiments,":[51],"this":[52,163],"research":[53,264],"explores":[54,103],"the":[55,87,99,106,208,215,278,304,308],"extent":[56],"which":[58,178],"emerging":[59],"webcams":[60,191,247],"might":[61],"leak":[62],"recognizable":[63],"textual":[64,168,198,230],"graphical":[66],"gleaming":[68],"eyeglass":[70,279],"reflections":[71],"captured":[72],"by":[73],"webcams.":[74],"The":[75],"primary":[76],"goal":[77],"of":[78,92,121,217,222,240,253,281,306,310],"our":[79],"work":[80,102],"is":[81,136],"measure,":[83],"compute,":[84],"predict":[86],"factors,":[88],"limits,":[89],"thresholds":[91,176],"recognizability":[93],"as":[94,151,153],"webcam":[95],"technology":[96],"evolves":[97],"in":[98,129],"future.":[100],"Our":[101,124,182,203,263],"characterizes":[105],"viable":[107],"threat":[108,164],"models":[109,125,204],"based":[110],"on":[111,119,200,226,235],"optical":[112],"attacks":[113],"using":[114,260],"multi-frame":[115],"super":[116],"resolution":[117],"techniques":[118],"sequences":[120],"frames.":[123],"experimental":[127],"results":[128],"controlled":[131],"lab":[132],"setting":[133],"show":[134,206],"it":[135],"possible":[137,286],"reconstruct":[139,197],"recognize":[141],"with":[142,156,170,185,245,255],"over":[143],"75%":[144],"accuracy":[145,252],"texts":[147,225],"that":[148,207,272],"have":[149],"heights":[150],"small":[152],"10":[154,256],"mm":[155],"720p":[158,190,246],"webcam.":[159],"We":[160],"further":[161,205],"apply":[162],"model":[165],"web":[167],"contents":[169],"varying":[171],"attacker":[172],"capabilities":[173],"find":[175],"at":[177],"text":[179,218],"becomes":[180],"recognizable.":[181],"user":[183],"study":[184,234],"20":[186],"participants":[187,257],"suggests":[188],"present-day":[189],"are":[192],"sufficient":[193],"adversaries":[195],"content":[199],"big-font":[201],"websites.":[202,228],"evolution":[209],"towards":[210],"4K":[211],"cameras":[212],"will":[213],"tip":[214],"threshold":[216],"leakage":[219],"reconstruction":[221],"most":[223],"header":[224],"popular":[227],"Besides":[229],"targets,":[231],"case":[233],"recognizing":[236],"closed-world":[238],"dataset":[239],"Alexa":[241],"top":[242],"100":[243],"websites":[244],"shows":[248],"maximum":[250],"recognition":[251],"94%":[254],"even":[258],"without":[259],"machine-learning":[261],"models.":[262],"proposes":[265],"near-term":[266],"mitigations":[267],"including":[268],"software":[270],"prototype":[271],"users":[273],"can":[274],"use":[275],"blur":[277],"areas":[280],"their":[282],"streams.":[284],"For":[285],"long-term":[287],"defenses,":[288],"we":[289],"advocate":[290],"an":[291],"individual":[292],"reflection":[293],"testing":[294],"procedure":[295],"assess":[297],"threats":[298],"under":[299],"various":[300],"settings,":[301],"justify":[303],"importance":[305],"following":[307],"principle":[309],"least":[311],"privilege":[312],"privacy-sensitive":[314],"scenarios.":[315]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
