{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384948647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sp46215.2023.10179393","title":"Less is more: refinement proofs for probabilistic proofs","display_name":"Less is more: refinement proofs for probabilistic proofs","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384948647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sp46215.2023.10179393"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sp46215.2023.10179393","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sp46215.2023.10179393","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102536901","display_name":"Kunming Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36672615","display_name":"Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/037tm7f56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36672615","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kunming Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Courant Institute,NYU Department of Computer Science","NYU Department of Computer Science, Courant Institute"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Courant Institute,NYU Department of Computer Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36672615"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NYU Department of Computer Science, Courant Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36672615"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067135949","display_name":"Devora Chait-Roth","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36672615","display_name":"Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/037tm7f56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36672615","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Devora Chait-Roth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Courant Institute,NYU Department of Computer Science","NYU Department of Computer Science, Courant Institute"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Courant Institute,NYU Department of Computer Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36672615"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NYU Department of Computer Science, Courant Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36672615"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028714571","display_name":"Zachary DeStefano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9364-9033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36672615","display_name":"Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/037tm7f56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36672615","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zachary DeStefano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Courant Institute,NYU Department of Computer Science","NYU Department of Computer Science, Courant Institute"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Courant Institute,NYU Department of Computer Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36672615"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NYU Department of Computer Science, Courant Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36672615"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059954552","display_name":"Michael Walfish","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1776-6418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36672615","display_name":"Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/037tm7f56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36672615","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Walfish","raw_affiliation_strings":["Courant Institute,NYU Department of Computer Science","NYU Department of Computer Science, Courant Institute"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Courant Institute,NYU Department of Computer Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36672615"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NYU Department of Computer Science, Courant Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36672615"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003819403","display_name":"Thomas Wies","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4051-5968"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36672615","display_name":"Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/037tm7f56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36672615","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Wies","raw_affiliation_strings":["Courant Institute,NYU Department of Computer Science","NYU Department of Computer Science, Courant Institute"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Courant Institute,NYU Department of Computer Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36672615"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NYU Department of Computer Science, Courant Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36672615"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102536901"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36672615"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6051,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71114355,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1112","last_page":"1129"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-proof","display_name":"Mathematical proof","score":0.7961170077323914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7770141363143921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.7025846242904663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.6851577758789062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5870023965835571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5389557480812073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.50138258934021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4695611298084259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.4565922021865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.451585590839386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.42037907242774963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2920498251914978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.28968125581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18806183338165283}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.7961170077323914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7770141363143921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.7025846242904663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.6851577758789062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5870023965835571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5389557480812073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.50138258934021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4695611298084259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.4565922021865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.451585590839386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42037907242774963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2920498251914978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.28968125581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18806183338165283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sp46215.2023.10179393","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sp46215.2023.10179393","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":103,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4180724","https://openalex.org/W5424990","https://openalex.org/W564852913","https://openalex.org/W1424543055","https://openalex.org/W1547562281","https://openalex.org/W1556850750","https://openalex.org/W1563556756","https://openalex.org/W1930567086","https://openalex.org/W1965680834","https://openalex.org/W1969514863","https://openalex.org/W1970606468","https://openalex.org/W1971029566","https://openalex.org/W1971486022","https://openalex.org/W1999035602","https://openalex.org/W2000302396","https://openalex.org/W2011086847","https://openalex.org/W2011444209","https://openalex.org/W2011849452","https://openalex.org/W2018746447","https://openalex.org/W2019578639","https://openalex.org/W2023035194","https://openalex.org/W2025299767","https://openalex.org/W2043007983","https://openalex.org/W2044146725","https://openalex.org/W2053086236","https://openalex.org/W2067700169","https://openalex.org/W2071520502","https://openalex.org/W2078250023","https://openalex.org/W2087713039","https://openalex.org/W2098843110","https://openalex.org/W2100818808","https://openalex.org/W2103953153","https://openalex.org/W2107561538","https://openalex.org/W2115974895","https://openalex.org/W2118073697","https://openalex.org/W2118382442","https://openalex.org/W2132107743","https://openalex.org/W2148352980","https://openalex.org/W2159152974","https://openalex.org/W2169657197","https://openalex.org/W2171337840","https://openalex.org/W2183354935","https://openalex.org/W2294722445","https://openalex.org/W2496543269","https://openalex.org/W2507651339","https://openalex.org/W2529173666","https://openalex.org/W2794536744","https://openalex.org/W2794848620","https://openalex.org/W2794982701","https://openalex.org/W2798618564","https://openalex.org/W2899260624","https://openalex.org/W2901330051","https://openalex.org/W2952852190","https://openalex.org/W2954625838","https://openalex.org/W2955084936","https://openalex.org/W2982474429","https://openalex.org/W2984020543","https://openalex.org/W2984674716","https://openalex.org/W2987977008","https://openalex.org/W2997326335","https://openalex.org/W3015292646","https://openalex.org/W3015343560","https://openalex.org/W3015790292","https://openalex.org/W3046380193","https://openalex.org/W3082482457","https://openalex.org/W3094114357","https://openalex.org/W3097116675","https://openalex.org/W3097836574","https://openalex.org/W3165659700","https://openalex.org/W3185412097","https://openalex.org/W3197617518","https://openalex.org/W3211042764","https://openalex.org/W3214538287","https://openalex.org/W4206014747","https://openalex.org/W4230069715","https://openalex.org/W4235668804","https://openalex.org/W4243070643","https://openalex.org/W4247340647","https://openalex.org/W4253748132","https://openalex.org/W4254354208","https://openalex.org/W4288057723","https://openalex.org/W4312884376","https://openalex.org/W6600734503","https://openalex.org/W6628297953","https://openalex.org/W6640494948","https://openalex.org/W6684022658","https://openalex.org/W6723874404","https://openalex.org/W6749892479","https://openalex.org/W6750185813","https://openalex.org/W6754314453","https://openalex.org/W6755961127","https://openalex.org/W6768415072","https://openalex.org/W6769513335","https://openalex.org/W6773870366","https://openalex.org/W6775517204","https://openalex.org/W6790794673","https://openalex.org/W6794795209","https://openalex.org/W6797455463","https://openalex.org/W6798046383","https://openalex.org/W6803206024","https://openalex.org/W6803575795","https://openalex.org/W6803793180","https://openalex.org/W6842192287"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4394650907","https://openalex.org/W154364797","https://openalex.org/W4254119641","https://openalex.org/W3196207352","https://openalex.org/W2951724202","https://openalex.org/W3084261076","https://openalex.org/W2576399385","https://openalex.org/W2963408011","https://openalex.org/W4236324517","https://openalex.org/W1586813864"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"has":[1],"been":[2],"intense":[3],"interest":[4],"over":[5],"the":[6,56,60,86,97,116,123],"last":[7],"decade":[8],"in":[9,21,38,78,99,106,122,139,148],"implementations":[10,42],"of":[11,53,66,93,118,145],"probabilistic":[12],"proofs":[13],"(IPs,":[14],"SNARKs,":[15],"PCPs,":[16],"and":[17,147],"so":[18],"on):":[19],"protocols":[20],"which":[22,79],"an":[23,90],"untrusted":[24],"party":[25],"proves":[26],"to":[27,63,83,102,125],"a":[28,31,64,73,80,107,120],"verifier":[29],"that":[30,109],"given":[32],"computation":[33,62,88],"was":[34],"executed":[35],"properly,":[36],"possibly":[37],"zero":[39],"knowledge.":[40],"Nevertheless,":[41],"still":[43],"do":[44],"not":[45,85],"scale":[46],"beyond":[47],"small":[48],"computations.":[49],"A":[50],"central":[51],"source":[52],"overhead":[54],"is":[55,96,110],"front-end:":[57],"translating":[58],"from":[59],"abstract":[61],"set":[65],"equivalent":[67],"arithmetic":[68],"constraints.":[69],"This":[70],"paper":[71],"introduces":[72],"general-purpose":[74],"framework,":[75],"called":[76],"Distiller,":[77],"user":[81],"translates":[82],"constraints":[84],"original":[87],"but":[89],"abstracted":[91],"specification":[92],"it.":[94],"Distiller":[95,130],"first":[98],"this":[100],"area":[101],"perform":[103],"such":[104],"transformations":[105],"way":[108],"provably":[111],"safe.":[112],"Furthermore,":[113],"by":[114],"taking":[115],"idea":[117],"\"encode":[119],"check":[121],"constraints\"":[124],"its":[126],"literal":[127],"logical":[128],"extreme,":[129],"exposes":[131],"many":[132],"new":[133],"opportunities":[134],"for":[135,142],"constraint":[136],"reduction,":[137],"resulting":[138],"cost":[140],"reductions":[141],"benchmark":[143],"computations":[144],"1.3\u201350\u00d7,":[146],"some":[149],"cases,":[150],"better":[151],"asymptotics.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}