{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385080280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sp46215.2023.10179386","title":"Tyr: Finding Consensus Failure Bugs in Blockchain System with Behaviour Divergent Model","display_name":"Tyr: Finding Consensus Failure Bugs in Blockchain System with Behaviour Divergent Model","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385080280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sp46215.2023.10179386"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sp46215.2023.10179386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sp46215.2023.10179386","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064101230","display_name":"Yuanliang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2701-4296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanliang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, KLISS, BNRist,School of Software,Beijing,China","School of Software, Tsinghua University, KLISS, BNRist, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, KLISS, BNRist,School of Software,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Tsinghua University, KLISS, BNRist, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002804998","display_name":"Fuchen Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1360-9814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuchen Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, KLISS, BNRist,School of Software,Beijing,China","School of Software, Tsinghua University, KLISS, BNRist, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, KLISS, BNRist,School of Software,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Tsinghua University, KLISS, BNRist, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101697412","display_name":"Yuanhang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0461-3934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanhang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, KLISS, BNRist,School of Software,Beijing,China","School of Software, Tsinghua University, KLISS, BNRist, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, KLISS, BNRist,School of Software,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Tsinghua University, KLISS, BNRist, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060117799","display_name":"Yu Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0955-503X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, KLISS, BNRist,School of Software,Beijing,China","School of Software, Tsinghua University, KLISS, BNRist, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, KLISS, BNRist,School of Software,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Tsinghua University, KLISS, BNRist, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092519513","display_name":"Ting Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu,China","University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100429010","display_name":"Jiaguang Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5884-7939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaguang Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, KLISS, BNRist,School of Software,Beijing,China","School of Software, Tsinghua University, KLISS, BNRist, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, KLISS, BNRist,School of Software,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Tsinghua University, KLISS, BNRist, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2517","last_page":"2532"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9754999876022339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9747999906539917,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.9354543685913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6866926550865173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soundness","display_name":"Soundness","score":0.6697148680686951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consensus","display_name":"Consensus","score":0.6682733297348022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consensus-algorithm","display_name":"Consensus algorithm","score":0.5859639644622803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oracle","display_name":"Oracle","score":0.5610828399658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.5420805215835571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4423370063304901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byzantine-fault-tolerance","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","score":0.4320055842399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ibm","display_name":"IBM","score":0.42181509733200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.41339343786239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3825729489326477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-agent-system","display_name":"Multi-agent system","score":0.33475106954574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.1792697012424469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17806139588356018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.16633421182632446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.13525918126106262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.12295684218406677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.0933263897895813}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.9354543685913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6866926550865173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693083","display_name":"Soundness","level":2,"score":0.6697148680686951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107107730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2994424","display_name":"Consensus","level":3,"score":0.6682733297348022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983222225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2994424","display_name":"Consensus algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5859639644622803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55166926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892946","display_name":"Oracle","level":2,"score":0.5610828399658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.5420805215835571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4423370063304901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168021876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1353446","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","level":3,"score":0.4320055842399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70388272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5968558","display_name":"IBM","level":2,"score":0.42181509733200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.41339343786239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3825729489326477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41550386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q529909","display_name":"Multi-agent system","level":2,"score":0.33475106954574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.1792697012424469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17806139588356018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.16633421182632446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.13525918126106262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.12295684218406677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.0933263897895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sp46215.2023.10179386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sp46215.2023.10179386","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337504","display_name":"Research and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/027s68j25"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95608104","https://openalex.org/W2539190473","https://openalex.org/W2799719933","https://openalex.org/W2805052744","https://openalex.org/W2896715746","https://openalex.org/W2936759722","https://openalex.org/W2964039708","https://openalex.org/W2977921325","https://openalex.org/W2978898605","https://openalex.org/W2981689050","https://openalex.org/W3018630846","https://openalex.org/W3047806483","https://openalex.org/W3085929865","https://openalex.org/W3091889505","https://openalex.org/W3111490787","https://openalex.org/W3181957689","https://openalex.org/W3194103972","https://openalex.org/W3207487452","https://openalex.org/W3213837676","https://openalex.org/W4206512216","https://openalex.org/W4293545213","https://openalex.org/W6678832241","https://openalex.org/W6687322159","https://openalex.org/W6697371779","https://openalex.org/W6768968338","https://openalex.org/W6797328065","https://openalex.org/W6840481850"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3194244590","https://openalex.org/W4366607545","https://openalex.org/W3210065602","https://openalex.org/W3132443168","https://openalex.org/W4390529113","https://openalex.org/W4313015754","https://openalex.org/W3088605168","https://openalex.org/W4388228623","https://openalex.org/W4292223684","https://openalex.org/W4297802034"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Blockchain":[0],"is":[1],"a":[2,8,101,135],"decentralized":[3],"distributed":[4],"system":[5],"on":[6,31,67,157],"which":[7,26,77,206],"large":[9,102],"number":[10,103],"of":[11,44,63,70,104,119,125,205],"financial":[12],"applications":[13],"have":[14,207],"been":[15,208],"deployed.":[16],"The":[17,59],"consensus":[18,72,81,107,126,142,163],"process":[19],"in":[20,97],"it":[21],"plays":[22],"an":[23,91],"important":[24],"role,":[25],"guarantees":[27],"that":[28],"legal":[29],"transactions":[30],"the":[32,68,79,117,123,179,211],"chain":[33],"can":[34,83],"be":[35,84],"executed":[36],"and":[37,40,61,121,144,154,175,184,190],"recorded":[38],"fairly":[39],"consistently.":[41],"However,":[42],"because":[43],"Consensus":[45],"Failure":[46],"Bugs":[47],"(CFBs),":[48],"many":[49],"blockchain":[50,64,80,98,162],"systems":[51,65,99],"do":[52],"not":[53],"provide":[54],"even":[55],"this":[56,86],"basic":[57],"guarantee.":[58],"validity":[60],"consistency":[62],"rely":[66],"soundness":[69],"complex":[71],"logic":[73],"implementation.":[74],"Any":[75],"bugs":[76],"cause":[78],"failure":[82],"crucial.In":[85],"work,":[87],"we":[88,110],"introduce":[89],"Tyr,":[90],"open-source":[92],"tool":[93],"for":[94],"detecting":[95],"CFBs":[96],"with":[100,178],"abnormal":[105],"divergent":[106,137],"behaviors.":[108],"First,":[109],"design":[111],"four":[112],"oracle":[113],"detectors":[114],"to":[115,139],"monitor":[116],"behaviors":[118],"nodes":[120,146],"analyze":[122],"violation":[124],"properties.":[127],"To":[128],"trigger":[129],"these":[130],"oracles":[131],"effectively,":[132],"Tyr":[133,156,186,196],"harnesses":[134],"behavior":[136],"model":[138],"constantly":[140],"generate":[141],"messages":[143],"make":[145],"behave":[147],"as":[148,150],"differently":[149],"possible.":[151],"We":[152],"implemented":[153],"evaluated":[155],"six":[158],"widely":[159],"used":[160],"commercial":[161],"systems,":[164],"including":[165],"IBM":[166],"Fabric,":[167],"WeBank":[168],"FISCO-BCOS,":[169],"ConsenSys":[170],"Quorum,":[171],"Facebook":[172],"Diem,":[173],"Go-Ethereum,":[174],"EOS.":[176],"Compared":[177],"state-of-the-art":[180],"tools":[181],"Peach,":[182],"Fluffy,":[183],"Twins,":[185],"covers":[187],"27.3%,":[188],"228.2%,":[189],"297.1%":[191],"more":[192],"branches,":[193],"respectively.":[194],"Furthermore,":[195],"has":[197],"detected":[198],"20":[199],"serious":[200],"previously":[201],"unknown":[202],"vulnerabilities,":[203],"all":[204],"repaired":[209],"by":[210],"corresponding":[212],"maintainers.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
