{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4288057718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sp46214.2022.9833721","title":"SAILFISH: Vetting Smart Contract State-Inconsistency Bugs in Seconds","display_name":"SAILFISH: Vetting Smart Contract State-Inconsistency Bugs in Seconds","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4288057718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sp46214.2022.9833721"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sp46214.2022.9833721","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sp46214.2022.9833721","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363606603","display_name":"2022 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037043867","display_name":"Priyanka Bose","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7780-3720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Priyanka Bose","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,Santa Barbara","University of California, Santa Barbara"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,Santa Barbara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021055773","display_name":"Dipanjan Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2325-0646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dipanjan Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,Santa Barbara","University of California, Santa Barbara"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,Santa Barbara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101573237","display_name":"Yanju Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6494-3126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanju Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,Santa Barbara","University of California, Santa Barbara"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,Santa Barbara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101567136","display_name":"Yu Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1000-1229"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,Santa Barbara","University of California, Santa Barbara"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,Santa Barbara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022177364","display_name":"Christopher Kruegel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5140-3414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Kruegel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,Santa Barbara","University of California, Santa Barbara"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,Santa Barbara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075685499","display_name":"Giovanni Vigna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3422-5369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Vigna","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,Santa Barbara","University of California, Santa Barbara"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,Santa Barbara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037043867"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.4287,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":94,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99170599,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"161","last_page":"178"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vetting","display_name":"Vetting","score":0.8661952018737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.76223224401474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-contract","display_name":"Smart contract","score":0.5902227163314819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.5718039274215698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.5698661804199219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.505237877368927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.221701979637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.20658046007156372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.17368805408477783}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777230681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7923820","display_name":"Vetting","level":2,"score":0.8661952018737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.76223224401474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779950589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544035","display_name":"Smart contract","level":3,"score":0.5902227163314819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5718039274215698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.5698661804199219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.505237877368927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.221701979637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.20658046007156372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.17368805408477783}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sp46214.2022.9833721","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sp46214.2022.9833721","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363606603","display_name":"2022 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2057156093","https://openalex.org/W2059987590","https://openalex.org/W2088105804","https://openalex.org/W2140323279","https://openalex.org/W2171469152","https://openalex.org/W2517404595","https://openalex.org/W2539190473","https://openalex.org/W2559804063","https://openalex.org/W2604844934","https://openalex.org/W2790202156","https://openalex.org/W2793974819","https://openalex.org/W2805052744","https://openalex.org/W2805827286","https://openalex.org/W2846896781","https://openalex.org/W2888928288","https://openalex.org/W2891085887","https://openalex.org/W2898569715","https://openalex.org/W2914459675","https://openalex.org/W2945325946","https://openalex.org/W2955447707","https://openalex.org/W2963465913","https://openalex.org/W2964144608","https://openalex.org/W2964257386","https://openalex.org/W2970809537","https://openalex.org/W2979467439","https://openalex.org/W2999978380","https://openalex.org/W3008357810","https://openalex.org/W3015405072","https://openalex.org/W3019893162","https://openalex.org/W3048272215","https://openalex.org/W3048595931","https://openalex.org/W3089408602","https://openalex.org/W3091620507","https://openalex.org/W3095431539","https://openalex.org/W3098450669","https://openalex.org/W3105187050","https://openalex.org/W3107814273","https://openalex.org/W3121465398","https://openalex.org/W3154651159","https://openalex.org/W3156428445","https://openalex.org/W4246385123","https://openalex.org/W4289548059","https://openalex.org/W6754519360","https://openalex.org/W6759373848","https://openalex.org/W6776775275","https://openalex.org/W6781538887","https://openalex.org/W6781619225","https://openalex.org/W6781985859"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3137893487","https://openalex.org/W2588786532","https://openalex.org/W2169930420","https://openalex.org/W3103506657","https://openalex.org/W3090326592","https://openalex.org/W4293653209","https://openalex.org/W4292566855","https://openalex.org/W4236848438","https://openalex.org/W4247269287","https://openalex.org/W4383898246"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"SAILFISH,":[3],"a":[4,22,28,43,79],"scalable":[5],"system":[6],"for":[7],"automatically":[8],"finding":[9],"state-inconsistency":[10,90],"bugs":[11],"in":[12,99,141],"smart":[13,101,132,155,160],"contracts.":[14,102],"To":[15],"make":[16],"the":[17,35,63,71,74,106,115,118],"analysis":[18],"tractable,":[19],"we":[20,124],"introduce":[21],"hybrid":[23,110],"approach":[24,111],"that":[25,32,126],"includes":[26],"(i)":[27],"light-weight":[29],"exploration":[30],"phase":[31,46],"dramatically":[33],"reduces":[34],"number":[36],"of":[37,66,73,81,108,117,143,158],"instructions":[38],"to":[39,61,87],"analyze,":[40],"and":[41,83,94,139,145],"(ii)":[42],"precise":[44],"refinement":[45],"based":[47],"on":[48],"symbolic":[49,75],"evaluation":[50],"guided":[51],"by":[52],"our":[53,109],"novel":[54],"value-summary":[55],"analysis,":[56],"which":[57],"generates":[58],"extra":[59],"constraints":[60],"over-approximate":[62],"side":[64],"effects":[65],"whole-program":[67],"execution,":[68],"thereby":[69],"ensuring":[70],"precision":[72],"evaluation.":[76],"We":[77],"developed":[78],"prototype":[80],"SAILFISH":[82,127,149],"evaluated":[84],"its":[85],"ability":[86],"detect":[88],"two":[89],"flaws,":[91],"viz.,":[92],"reentrancy":[93],"transaction":[95],"order":[96],"dependence":[97],"(TOD)":[98],"Ethereum":[100],"Our":[103],"experiments":[104],"demonstrate":[105],"efficiency":[107],"as":[112,114],"well":[113],"benefit":[116],"value":[119],"summary":[120],"analysis.":[121],"In":[122,147],"particular,":[123],"show":[125],"outperforms":[128],"five":[129],"state-of":[130],"the-art":[131],"contract":[133],"analyzers":[134],"(SECURIFY,":[135],"MYTHRIL,":[136],"OYENTE,":[137],"SEREUM":[138],"VANDAL)":[140],"terms":[142],"performance,":[144],"precision.":[146],"total,":[148],"discovered":[150],"47":[151],"previously":[152],"unknown":[153],"vulnerable":[154],"contracts":[156,161],"out":[157],"89,853":[159],"from":[162],"ETHERSCAN.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}