{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3040079050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sose50414.2020.9130502","title":"A time constrained System of Systems discovery process and canvas - A case study in agriculture technology focusing on an automated Asparagus Harvester","display_name":"A time constrained System of Systems discovery process and canvas - A case study in agriculture technology focusing on an automated Asparagus Harvester","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3040079050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sose50414.2020.9130502","mag":"3040079050"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sose50414.2020.9130502","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sose50414.2020.9130502","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 15th International Conference of System of Systems Engineering (SoSE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070091815","display_name":"Nick Pickering","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4384-2327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52179390","display_name":"University of Waikato","ror":"https://ror.org/013fsnh78","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nick Pickering","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waikato,Waikato Robotics and Sensing Group (WaiRAS),Hamilton,New Zealand","Waikato Robotics and Sensing Group (WaiRAS), University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waikato,Waikato Robotics and Sensing Group (WaiRAS),Hamilton,New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Waikato Robotics and Sensing Group (WaiRAS), University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058303658","display_name":"Mike Duke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3001-0130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52179390","display_name":"University of Waikato","ror":"https://ror.org/013fsnh78","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mike Duke","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waikato,Waikato Robotics and Sensing Group (WaiRAS),Hamilton,New Zealand","Waikato Robotics and Sensing Group (WaiRAS), University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waikato,Waikato Robotics and Sensing Group (WaiRAS),Hamilton,New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Waikato Robotics and Sensing Group (WaiRAS), University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000351279","display_name":"Shen Hin Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7570-1261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52179390","display_name":"University of Waikato","ror":"https://ror.org/013fsnh78","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shen Hin Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waikato,Waikato Robotics and Sensing Group (WaiRAS),Hamilton,New Zealand","Waikato Robotics and Sensing Group (WaiRAS), University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waikato,Waikato Robotics and Sensing Group (WaiRAS),Hamilton,New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Waikato Robotics and Sensing Group (WaiRAS), University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070091815"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04062088,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"67","last_page":"74"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.8090999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.8090999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asparagus","display_name":"Asparagus","score":0.8381600379943848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6400626301765442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agriculture","display_name":"Agriculture","score":0.5405023097991943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5322427749633789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-engineering","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","score":0.3916301727294922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26685816049575806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11006000638008118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.07103708386421204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botany","display_name":"Botany","score":0.06074902415275574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776879769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2853420","display_name":"Asparagus","level":2,"score":0.8381600379943848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6400626301765442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.5405023097991943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5322427749633789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.3916301727294922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26685816049575806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11006000638008118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07103708386421204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.06074902415275574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sose50414.2020.9130502","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sose50414.2020.9130502","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 15th International Conference of System of Systems Engineering (SoSE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W612266690","https://openalex.org/W1885560560","https://openalex.org/W1980228813","https://openalex.org/W2034284733","https://openalex.org/W2054866086","https://openalex.org/W2058107586","https://openalex.org/W2091049132","https://openalex.org/W2532936747","https://openalex.org/W2547246443","https://openalex.org/W2581964379","https://openalex.org/W2605165679","https://openalex.org/W2762282191","https://openalex.org/W2792956670","https://openalex.org/W2889174307","https://openalex.org/W2897843497","https://openalex.org/W2929667367","https://openalex.org/W2943702601","https://openalex.org/W2973400980","https://openalex.org/W2980814907","https://openalex.org/W2986323385","https://openalex.org/W3129200393","https://openalex.org/W3184054487","https://openalex.org/W6745207040"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3216979013","https://openalex.org/W4241684490","https://openalex.org/W2596464074","https://openalex.org/W4386694700","https://openalex.org/W131107381","https://openalex.org/W2616357701","https://openalex.org/W2590690017","https://openalex.org/W160578455"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Agriculture":[0],"is":[1,126,213],"facing":[2],"a":[3,23,45,64,80,140,214,253],"period":[4],"of":[5,50,73,77,83,94,97,145,158,162,175,186,205,216,270],"unprecedented":[6],"change":[7],"resulting":[8],"from":[9,63,91,199],"the":[10,48,70,74,92,95,115,156,160,181,184,200,211,221,234,237,250,259,268],"requirement":[11],"to":[12,40,113,226,231,261],"feed":[13],"c.":[14],"10":[15],"billion":[16],"mouths":[17],"by":[18],"2050,":[19],"while":[20],"operating":[21],"in":[22,101],"challenging":[24],"business":[25],"environment":[26],"with":[27,130,155,165],"increasing":[28,159],"sustainability":[29],"and":[30,54,67,106,135,150,189,197,229,236,249,263],"consumer":[31],"expectations.":[32],"To":[33],"meet":[34],"these":[35],"challenges":[36,196],"many":[37],"are":[38,110],"looking":[39],"industry":[41],"4.0":[42],"technology":[43,123,247],"as":[44],"solution,":[46],"specifically":[47],"combination":[49],"Artificial":[51],"Intelligence":[52],"(AI)":[53],"in-field":[55],"robotics.":[56],"Although":[57],"there":[58],"have":[59],"been":[60],"successful":[61],"prototypes":[62],"functional":[65],"perspective":[66],"promising":[68],"start-ups,":[69],"complex":[71],"nature":[72],"agriculture":[75],"system":[76],"systems":[78,108,223],"creates":[79],"significant":[81],"risk":[82,89],"mass":[84],"adoption":[85,124,161],"failure.":[86],"The":[87,120,168,203],"main":[88],"stems":[90],"majority":[93],"hundreds":[96],"products":[98],"being":[99],"designed":[100],"isolation":[102],"using":[103],"closed":[104],"hardware":[105],"software":[107],"that":[109],"all":[111],"aiming":[112],"serve":[114],"one":[116],"farmer":[117],"or":[118],"grower.":[119],"current":[121],"silo\u2019d":[122],"approach":[125],"heading":[127],"towards":[128],"problems":[129],"usability,":[131],"availability,":[132],"viability,":[133],"interoperability":[134,244],"adaptability.":[136],"This":[137],"paper":[138],"proposes":[139],"new":[141],"time":[142,169],"constrained":[143,170],"System":[144,185],"Systems":[146],"(SoS)":[147],"discovery":[148,172],"process":[149,173],"supporting":[151],"SoS":[152,163,171,201,254],"Canvas,":[153],"developed":[154],"objective":[157],"principles":[164],"non-technical":[166],"stakeholders.":[167],"consists":[174],"raising":[176],"awareness,":[177],"capturing":[178],"data,":[179],"modelling":[180,183],"SoS,":[182],"Interest":[187],"(SoI)":[188],"providing":[190,258],"recommendations,":[191],"often":[192],"based":[193],"on":[194,243],"common":[195],"opportunities":[198],"Canvas.":[202],"outcome":[204],"this":[206],"initial":[207],"case":[208],"study":[209],"prototyping":[210],"process,":[212],"set":[215],"SysML":[217],"diagrams":[218],"demonstrating":[219],"how":[220],"constituent":[222],"currently":[224],"contribute":[225],"emergent":[227,265],"properties":[228,266],"recommendations":[230],"improve":[232],"both":[233],"SoI":[235],"SoS.":[238],"Future":[239],"research":[240],"will":[241],"focus":[242],"within":[245],"agricultural":[246],"(Agritech)":[248],"potential":[251],"for":[252,267],"level":[255],"digital":[256],"twin,":[257],"capability":[260],"manage":[262],"optimise":[264],"betterment":[269],"all.":[271]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}