{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2432465711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/socpar.2015.7492811","title":"Nitrogen estimation of paddy based on leaf reflectance using Artificial Neural Network","display_name":"Nitrogen estimation of paddy based on leaf reflectance using Artificial Neural Network","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2432465711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/socpar.2015.7492811","mag":"2432465711"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/socpar.2015.7492811","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/socpar.2015.7492811","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 7th International Conference of Soft Computing and Pattern Recognition (SoCPaR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014947086","display_name":"Whina Ayu Lestari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21881038","display_name":"IPB University","ror":"https://ror.org/05smgpd89","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21881038"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Whina Ayu Lestari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Bogor Agricultural University, West Java, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Bogor Agricultural University, West Java, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21881038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013120140","display_name":"Yeni Herdiyeni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3389-1730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21881038","display_name":"IPB University","ror":"https://ror.org/05smgpd89","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21881038"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yeni Herdiyeni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Bogor Agricultural University, West Java, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Bogor Agricultural University, West Java, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21881038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075050115","display_name":"Lilik Budi Prasetyo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5320-3221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21881038","display_name":"IPB University","ror":"https://ror.org/05smgpd89","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21881038"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lilik Budi Prasetyo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Conservation of Forest and Ecotourism Department, Bogor Agricultural University, West Java, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Conservation of Forest and Ecotourism Department, Bogor Agricultural University, West Java, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21881038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075731380","display_name":"Wahyudi Hasbi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5616-3683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11865174","display_name":"Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space","ror":"https://ror.org/027p4qx72","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11865174"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wahyudi Hasbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Aeronautics and Space LAPAN, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Aeronautics and Space LAPAN, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11865174"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100733919","display_name":"Kohei Arai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5210-7787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177136067","display_name":"Saga University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f4wg107","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177136067"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kohei Arai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Saga, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Saga, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177136067"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112676396","display_name":"Hiroshi Okumura","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177136067","display_name":"Saga University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f4wg107","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177136067"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroshi Okumura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Saga, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Saga, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177136067"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19231254,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"89","issue":null,"first_page":"224","last_page":"229"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14365","display_name":"Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14365","display_name":"Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectroradiometer","display_name":"Spectroradiometer","score":0.753579318523407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.688315212726593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"Reflectivity","score":0.6802383661270142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kjeldahl-method","display_name":"Kjeldahl method","score":0.6743954420089722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5996600389480591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oryza-sativa","display_name":"Oryza sativa","score":0.5403038263320923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4339217245578766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fertilizer","display_name":"Fertilizer","score":0.42761051654815674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.41957828402519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen","display_name":"Nitrogen","score":0.39807963371276855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3864642381668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.33833324909210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2962822914123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.24918630719184875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20488354563713074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.13374513387680054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.07910636067390442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.06975015997886658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.06458008289337158}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130066347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q680509","display_name":"Spectroradiometer","level":3,"score":0.753579318523407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.688315212726593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.6802383661270142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169478075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898934","display_name":"Kjeldahl method","level":3,"score":0.6743954420089722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5996600389480591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778543611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161426","display_name":"Oryza sativa","level":3,"score":0.5403038263320923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4339217245578766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83323","display_name":"Fertilizer","level":2,"score":0.42761051654815674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.41957828402519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.39807963371276855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3864642381668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.33833324909210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2962822914123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.24918630719184875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20488354563713074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.13374513387680054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07910636067390442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.06975015997886658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.06458008289337158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/socpar.2015.7492811","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/socpar.2015.7492811","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 7th International Conference of Soft Computing and Pattern Recognition (SoCPaR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325608","display_name":"Institut Pertanian Bogor","ror":"https://ror.org/05smgpd89"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1586527645","https://openalex.org/W1963877931","https://openalex.org/W2036416700","https://openalex.org/W2037856292","https://openalex.org/W2061776509","https://openalex.org/W2067589622","https://openalex.org/W2079397831","https://openalex.org/W2081707742","https://openalex.org/W2083315185","https://openalex.org/W2086314176","https://openalex.org/W2094733511","https://openalex.org/W2165916356","https://openalex.org/W2187308949","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6635451361","https://openalex.org/W6666068817","https://openalex.org/W6686948893"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W13340444","https://openalex.org/W2019297613","https://openalex.org/W2043582345","https://openalex.org/W2082791388","https://openalex.org/W2382567882","https://openalex.org/W1987251746","https://openalex.org/W2117110081","https://openalex.org/W2000856859","https://openalex.org/W2407219380","https://openalex.org/W2323190800"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nitrogen":[0],"(N)":[1],"is":[2,16,35],"one":[3],"of":[4,14,32,39,124,134,154,161,172],"nutrient":[5],"required":[6],"by":[7,70,80,146],"plant":[8,15],"in":[9,86,104,137],"huge":[10],"amounts.":[11],"N":[12,27,38,76,95,141,170,176],"availability":[13],"needed":[17],"to":[18,24,36,114,166],"be":[19],"estimated":[20],"before":[21],"applying":[22],"fertilizers":[23],"determine":[25],"proper":[26],"application":[28],"rate.":[29],"The":[30],"purpose":[31],"this":[33,54],"study":[34,164],"estimate":[37,140],"paddy":[40,173],"(Oryza":[41],"sativa,":[42],"sp.)":[43],"based":[44],"on":[45],"leaf":[46,57,75],"reflectance":[47,67,84],"using":[48],"Artificial":[49],"Neural":[50],"Network":[51],"(ANN).":[52],"In":[53],"study,":[55],"45":[56],"samples":[58],"were":[59,97],"randomly":[60],"selected":[61],"under":[62],"various":[63],"environmental":[64],"condition.":[65],"Leaf":[66],"was":[68,78,112,144],"measured":[69],"handheld":[71],"spectroradiometer":[72],"while":[73],"actual":[74,94],"content":[77,96,171],"determined":[79],"Kjeldahl":[81],"method.":[82],"Spectral":[83],"data":[85,103],"visible":[87],"band":[88],"(400\u2013700":[89],"nm":[90],"wavelength":[91],"region)":[92],"and":[93,101,119,156],"used":[98],"as":[99],"input":[100],"target":[102],"ANN":[105,129],"model":[106,118,130],"building.":[107],"K-fold":[108],"cross-validation":[109],"(k=3)":[110],"method":[111],"applied":[113],"select":[115],"the":[116,121,147,157],"best":[117],"measure":[120],"overall":[122],"performance":[123],"model.":[125],"Results":[126],"indicated":[127],"that":[128],"with":[131],"17":[132],"neurons":[133],"hidden":[135],"layer":[136],"relatively":[138],"could":[139],"properly.":[142],"It":[143],"shown":[145],"lowest":[148],"root":[149],"mean":[150],"square":[151],"error":[152],"(RMSE)":[153],"0.23":[155],"highest":[158],"prediction":[159],"accuracy":[160],"93%.":[162],"This":[163],"promises":[165],"help":[167],"farmers":[168],"predicting":[169],"for":[174],"optimal":[175],"fertilizer":[177],"application.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}