{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3023096818","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/socc46988.2019.1570548289","title":"A Hardware Perspective on the ChaCha Ciphers: Scalable Chacha8/12/20 Implementations Ranging from 476 Slices to Bitrates of 175 Gbit/s","display_name":"A Hardware Perspective on the ChaCha Ciphers: Scalable Chacha8/12/20 Implementations Ranging from 476 Slices to Bitrates of 175 Gbit/s","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3023096818","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/socc46988.2019.1570548289","mag":"3023096818"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/socc46988.2019.1570548289","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/socc46988.2019.1570548289","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 32nd IEEE International System-on-Chip Conference (SOCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000123496","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086896822","display_name":"Johannes Pfau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1087-1814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088543","display_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Informationsverarbeitung","ror":"https://ror.org/0047j9t38","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088543"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johannes Pfau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruher Institut für Technologie,Institut für Technik der Informationsverarbeitung","Institut f\u00fcr Technik der Informationsverarbeitung, Karlsruher Institut f\u00fcr Technologie"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruher Institut für Technologie,Institut für Technik der Informationsverarbeitung","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088543"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Technik der Informationsverarbeitung, Karlsruher Institut f\u00fcr Technologie","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I4210088543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087456073","display_name":"Maximilian Reuter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5071-1172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maximilian Reuter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universität Darmstadt,Integrierte Elektronische Systeme","Integrierte Elektronische Systeme, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universität Darmstadt,Integrierte Elektronische Systeme","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Integrierte Elektronische Systeme, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053259767","display_name":"Tanja Harbaum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7310-567X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088543","display_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Informationsverarbeitung","ror":"https://ror.org/0047j9t38","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088543"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanja Harbaum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruher Institut für Technologie,Institut für Technik der Informationsverarbeitung","Institut f\u00fcr Technik der Informationsverarbeitung, Karlsruher Institut f\u00fcr Technologie"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruher Institut für Technologie,Institut für Technik der Informationsverarbeitung","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088543"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Technik der Informationsverarbeitung, Karlsruher Institut f\u00fcr Technologie","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I4210088543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061804977","display_name":"Klaus Hofmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6675-0221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaus Hofmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universität Darmstadt,Integrierte Elektronische Systeme","Integrierte Elektronische Systeme, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universität Darmstadt,Integrierte Elektronische Systeme","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Integrierte Elektronische Systeme, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024739574","display_name":"J\u00fcrgen Becker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5082-5487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088543","display_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Informationsverarbeitung","ror":"https://ror.org/0047j9t38","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088543"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J\u00fcrgen Becker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruher Institut für Technologie,Institut für Technik der Informationsverarbeitung","Institut f\u00fcr Technik der Informationsverarbeitung, Karlsruher Institut f\u00fcr Technologie"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruher Institut für Technologie,Institut für Technik der Informationsverarbeitung","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088543"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Technik der Informationsverarbeitung, Karlsruher Institut f\u00fcr Technologie","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I4210088543"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"294","last_page":"299"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8073291182518005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.739422619342804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cipher","display_name":"Cipher","score":0.6435642838478088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.6361160278320312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.6304061412811279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.6294416785240173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.6224367022514343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6127784252166748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gigabit","display_name":"Gigabit","score":0.515261173248291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-cipher","display_name":"Block cipher","score":0.4853569567203522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4824822247028351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.4735395312309265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.47109919786453247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-encryption-standard","display_name":"Advanced Encryption Standard","score":0.42526349425315857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.41599270701408386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3534916043281555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3521060347557068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.327536404132843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.17960625886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.12008503079414368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.11986571550369263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.09546267986297607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07138192653656006}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8073291182518005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.739422619342804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4681865","display_name":"Cipher","level":3,"score":0.6435642838478088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.6361160278320312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.6304061412811279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.6294416785240173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.6224367022514343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6127784252166748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21922175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3105497","display_name":"Gigabit","level":2,"score":0.515261173248291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106544461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543151","display_name":"Block cipher","level":3,"score":0.4853569567203522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4824822247028351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.4735395312309265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.47109919786453247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94520183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190746","display_name":"Advanced Encryption Standard","level":3,"score":0.42526349425315857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.41599270701408386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3534916043281555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3521060347557068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.327536404132843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.17960625886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.12008503079414368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.11986571550369263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.09546267986297607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07138192653656006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/socc46988.2019.1570548289","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/socc46988.2019.1570548289","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 32nd IEEE International System-on-Chip Conference (SOCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:EVASTAR-Karlsruhe.de:1000123496","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000123496","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401992","display_name":"Repository KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","host_organization_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de:124751","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/124751/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196390","display_name":"TUbilio (Technical University of Darmstadt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","host_organization_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Konferenzver\u00f6ffentlichung"},{"id":"doi:10.5445/ir/1000123496","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000123496","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052948","display_name":"KITopen","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5445/ir/1000123496","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000123496","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052948","display_name":"KITopen","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W106528892","https://openalex.org/W1002902646","https://openalex.org/W1518716055","https://openalex.org/W1577801461","https://openalex.org/W2058055869","https://openalex.org/W2336016133","https://openalex.org/W2612854510","https://openalex.org/W2924065369"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2125214861","https://openalex.org/W2522069694","https://openalex.org/W2059218952","https://openalex.org/W2405883016","https://openalex.org/W2698153239","https://openalex.org/W4280572121","https://openalex.org/W1798672631","https://openalex.org/W2999570828","https://openalex.org/W2786303832","https://openalex.org/W2964609758"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"AES":[0,21,80],"(Advanced":[1],"Encryption":[2],"Standard)":[3],"accelerators":[4,81],"are":[5],"commonly":[6],"used":[7],"in":[8,95],"high-throughput":[9],"applications,":[10],"but":[11],"they":[12],"have":[13],"notable":[14],"resource":[15,112,128],"requirements.":[16],"We":[17],"investigate":[18],"replacing":[19],"the":[20,28,52,78,92,96],"cipher":[22],"with":[23,68],"ChaCha":[24,30,97],"ciphers":[25],"and":[26,47],"propose":[27],"first":[29],"FPGA":[31],"implementations":[32,41],"optimized":[33],"for":[34],"data":[35],"throughput.":[36],"In":[37],"consequence,":[38],"we":[39,99],"compare":[40],"of":[42,54,62,77,91,127],"three":[43],"different":[44],"system":[45],"architectures":[46],"analyze":[48],"which":[49,120],"aspects":[50],"dominate":[51],"performance":[53],"those.Our":[55],"experimental":[56],"results":[57],"indicate":[58],"that":[59],"a":[60],"bandwidth":[61],"175":[63],"Gbit/s":[64],"can":[65],"be":[66],"reached":[67],"as":[69,71,85],"little":[70],"2982":[72],"slices,":[73],"whereas":[74],"comparable":[75],"state":[76],"art":[79],"require":[82],"10":[83],"times":[84],"many":[86],"slices":[87],"[1].":[88],"Taking":[89],"advantage":[90],"flexibility":[93],"inherent":[94],"cipher,":[98],"also":[100],"demonstrate":[101],"how":[102],"our":[103],"implementation":[104],"scales":[105],"to":[106,115],"even":[107],"higher":[108],"throughputs":[109],"or":[110],"lower":[111],"usage":[113],"(down":[114],"476":[116],"slices),":[117],"benefiting":[118],"applications":[119],"previously":[121],"could":[122],"not":[123],"employ":[124],"cryptography":[125],"because":[126],"limitations.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}